diff --git a/.github/workflows/build.yml b/.github/workflows/build.yml
index 0f15dd59eb..89218e0422 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/build.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/build.yml
@@ -75,6 +75,10 @@ jobs:
       entries: ${{ steps.set-matrix.outputs.entries }}
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: ruby/setup-ruby@v1
+        with:
+          ruby-version: "3.2"
+          bundler-cache: true
       - run: rake ci:pin_build_manifest
         env:
           GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
@@ -112,18 +116,33 @@ jobs:
           load: true
           cache-from: type=gha
           cache-to: type=gha,mode=max
-      - uses: ruby/setup-ruby@v1
-        with:
-          ruby-version: "3.2"
-          bundler-cache: true
-      - run: ./bin/setup
+      - name: Setup builder container
+        run: |
+          docker run -dit -v "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE:/home/me/build" -w /home/me/build \
+            -e "ENABLE_GITHUB_ACTIONS_MARKUP=true" \
+            -e "RUBYWASM_UID=$(id -u)" -e "RUBYWASM_GID=$(id -g)" \
+            -e "GNUMAKEFLAGS=-j$((1 + $(nproc --all)))" \
+            --name builder \
+            ${{ steps.builder-image.outputs.imageid }} /bin/sh
+          echo 'docker exec -u me builder "$@"' > ./build-exec
+          chmod +x ./build-exec
+      - run: ./build-exec bundle config set --local without check
+      - run: ./build-exec ./bin/setup
+      - run: ./build-exec bundle exec rake compile
       - name: Pre-release configuration
-        run: rake ${{ matrix.entry.prerelease }}[${{ inputs.prerel_name }}]
+        run: ./build-exec bundle exec rake ${{ matrix.entry.prerelease }}[${{ inputs.prerel_name }}]
         if: ${{ inputs.prerel_name != '' && matrix.entry.prerelease != '' }}
       - name: rake ${{ matrix.entry.task }}
-        run: docker run -v "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE:/home/me/build" -w /home/me/build -e "ENABLE_GITHUB_ACTIONS_MARKUP=true" -e "RUBYWASM_UID=$(id -u)" -e "RUBYWASM_GID=$(id -g)" -e "GNUMAKEFLAGS=-j$((1 + $(nproc --all)))" ${{ steps.builder-image.outputs.imageid }} rake --verbose ${{ matrix.entry.task }}
+        run: ./build-exec rake --verbose ${{ matrix.entry.task }}
+      - uses: ruby/setup-ruby@v1
+        if: ${{ matrix.entry.test != '' }}
+        with:
+          ruby-version: "3.2"
+          bundler-cache: false
       - name: rake ${{ matrix.entry.test }}
-        run: rake ${{ matrix.entry.test }}
+        run: |
+          bundle install --with=check --without=development
+          rake ${{ matrix.entry.test }}
         if: ${{ matrix.entry.test != '' }}
       - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
         if: ${{ matrix.entry.artifact }}
diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index faf9b126b6..49fde32b63 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -3,7 +3,10 @@ dist
 /build
 /rubies
 /release
+/tmp
+/target
 /Gemfile.lock
+/lib/ruby_wasm/ruby_wasm.so
 
 .cache
 compile_commands.json
@@ -11,3 +14,5 @@ compile_commands.json
 html
 
 build_manifest.json
+
+vendor/bundle
diff --git a/CONTRIBUTING.md b/CONTRIBUTING.md
index 1abe34f3d7..8d6d1a3d15 100644
--- a/CONTRIBUTING.md
+++ b/CONTRIBUTING.md
@@ -46,11 +46,11 @@ To select a build profile, see [profiles section in README](https://github.com/r
 
 ```console
 # Build only a specific combination of ruby version, profile, and target
-$ rake build:head-wasm32-unknown-wasi-full-js
+$ rake build:head-wasm32-unknown-wasi-full
 # Clean up the build directory
-$ rake build:head-wasm32-unknown-wasi-full-js:clean
+$ rake build:head-wasm32-unknown-wasi-full:clean
 # Force to re-execute "make install"
-$ rake build:head-wasm32-unknown-wasi-full-js:remake
+$ rake build:head-wasm32-unknown-wasi-full:remake
 
 # Output is in the `rubies` directory
 $ tree -L 3 rubies/head-wasm32-unknown-wasi-full-js
diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d546e2afdd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -0,0 +1,2452 @@
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+checksum = "3d6fa32db2bc4a2f5abeacf2b69f7992cd09dca97498da74a151a3132c26befd"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "windows_x86_64_gnullvm"
+version = "0.48.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "0b7b52767868a23d5bab768e390dc5f5c55825b6d30b86c844ff2dc7414044cc"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "windows_x86_64_gnullvm"
+version = "0.52.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "1a657e1e9d3f514745a572a6846d3c7aa7dbe1658c056ed9c3344c4109a6949e"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "windows_x86_64_msvc"
+version = "0.48.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "ed94fce61571a4006852b7389a063ab983c02eb1bb37b47f8272ce92d06d9538"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "windows_x86_64_msvc"
+version = "0.52.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "dff9641d1cd4be8d1a070daf9e3773c5f67e78b4d9d42263020c057706765c04"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "winx"
+version = "0.31.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "08d5973cb8cd94a77d03ad7e23bbe14889cb29805da1cec0e4aff75e21aebded"
+dependencies = [
+ "bitflags 1.3.2",
+ "io-lifetimes 0.5.3",
+ "winapi",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "winx"
+version = "0.35.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "1c52a121f0fbf9320d5f2a9a5d82f6cb7557eda5e8b47fc3e7f359ec866ae960"
+dependencies = [
+ "bitflags 1.3.2",
+ "io-lifetimes 1.0.11",
+ "windows-sys 0.48.0",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "winx"
+version = "0.36.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "f9643b83820c0cd246ecabe5fa454dd04ba4fa67996369466d0747472d337346"
+dependencies = [
+ "bitflags 2.4.1",
+ "windows-sys 0.52.0",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "wit-parser"
+version = "0.7.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "5ca2581061573ef6d1754983d7a9b3ed5871ef859d52708ea9a0f5af32919172"
+dependencies = [
+ "anyhow",
+ "id-arena",
+ "indexmap",
+ "log",
+ "pulldown-cmark",
+ "unicode-xid",
+ "url",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "witx"
+version = "0.9.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "e366f27a5cabcddb2706a78296a40b8fcc451e1a6aba2fc1d94b4a01bdaaef4b"
+dependencies = [
+ "anyhow",
+ "log",
+ "thiserror",
+ "wast 35.0.2",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "wizer"
+version = "3.0.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "bdbf85c6302a99e5c9d15655abd804c0e204a278fdb62c1e53a37ba4f3550b8b"
+dependencies = [
+ "anyhow",
+ "cap-std 0.24.4",
+ "log",
+ "rayon",
+ "wasi-cap-std-sync",
+ "wasm-encoder 0.28.0",
+ "wasmparser 0.106.0",
+ "wasmtime",
+ "wasmtime-wasi",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "wizer"
+version = "3.0.1"
+source = "git+https://github.com/bytecodealliance/wizer.git?rev=v3.0.1#a0125eb591a77bbf61af15d4f8675243a5651229"
+dependencies = [
+ "anyhow",
+ "cap-std 0.24.4",
+ "log",
+ "rayon",
+ "wasi-cap-std-sync",
+ "wasm-encoder 0.28.0",
+ "wasmparser 0.106.0",
+ "wasmtime",
+ "wasmtime-wasi",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "zerocopy"
+version = "0.7.32"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "74d4d3961e53fa4c9a25a8637fc2bfaf2595b3d3ae34875568a5cf64787716be"
+dependencies = [
+ "zerocopy-derive",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "zerocopy-derive"
+version = "0.7.32"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "9ce1b18ccd8e73a9321186f97e46f9f04b778851177567b1975109d26a08d2a6"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 2.0.43",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "zstd"
+version = "0.11.2+zstd.1.5.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "20cc960326ece64f010d2d2107537f26dc589a6573a316bd5b1dba685fa5fde4"
+dependencies = [
+ "zstd-safe",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "zstd-safe"
+version = "5.0.2+zstd.1.5.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "1d2a5585e04f9eea4b2a3d1eca508c4dee9592a89ef6f450c11719da0726f4db"
+dependencies = [
+ "libc",
+ "zstd-sys",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "zstd-sys"
+version = "2.0.9+zstd.1.5.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "9e16efa8a874a0481a574084d34cc26fdb3b99627480f785888deb6386506656"
+dependencies = [
+ "cc",
+ "pkg-config",
+]
diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3719c31f51
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# This Cargo.toml is here to let externals tools (IDEs, etc.) know that this is
+# a Rust project. Your extensions dependencies should be added to the Cargo.toml
+# in the ext/ directory.
+
+[workspace]
+members = ["./ext/ruby_wasm"]
+resolver = "2"
diff --git a/Gemfile b/Gemfile
index bb52083b48..b1f12da929 100644
--- a/Gemfile
+++ b/Gemfile
@@ -2,9 +2,16 @@
 
 source "https://rubygems.org"
 
+gemspec
+
 group :development do
   gem "rake"
-  gem "syntax_tree", "~> 3.5"
+  gem "rake-compiler"
+  gem "rb_sys", "~> 0.9.63"
+end
+
+group :check do
   gem "webrick"
+  gem "syntax_tree", "~> 3.5"
   gem "steep"
 end
diff --git a/Rakefile b/Rakefile
index fb1655fdc6..268f3b7e2f 100644
--- a/Rakefile
+++ b/Rakefile
@@ -5,106 +5,42 @@ require "open-uri"
 $LOAD_PATH << File.join(File.dirname(__FILE__), "lib")
 
 require "ruby_wasm/rake_task"
+require "ruby_wasm/packager"
 
 Dir.glob("tasks/**.rake").each { |f| import f }
 
-BUILD_SOURCES = {
-  "head" => {
-    type: "github",
-    repo: "ruby/ruby",
-    rev: "master",
-    patches: Dir["./patches/*.patch"].map { |p| File.expand_path(p) }
-  },
-  "3.3" => {
-    type: "tarball",
-    url: "https://cache.ruby-lang.org/pub/ruby/3.3/ruby-3.3.0.tar.gz"
-  },
-  "3.2" => {
-    type: "tarball",
-    url: "https://cache.ruby-lang.org/pub/ruby/3.2/ruby-3.2.2.tar.gz"
-  }
-}
-
-# Respect revisions specified in build_manifest.json, which is usually generated on GitHub Actions.
-if File.exist?("build_manifest.json")
-  begin
-    manifest = JSON.parse(File.read("build_manifest.json"))
-    manifest["ruby_revisions"].each do |name, rev|
-      BUILD_SOURCES[name][:rev] = rev
-    end
-  rescue StandardError
-    $stderr.puts "Failed to load build_manifest.json"
-  end
-end
-
-FULL_EXTS =
-  "bigdecimal,cgi/escape,continuation,coverage,date,dbm,digest/bubblebabble,digest,digest/md5,digest/rmd160,digest/sha1,digest/sha2,etc,fcntl,fiber,gdbm,json,json/generator,json/parser,nkf,objspace,pathname,psych,racc/cparse,rbconfig/sizeof,ripper,stringio,strscan,monitor,zlib,openssl"
-
-BUILD_PROFILES = {
-  "minimal" => {
-    debug: false,
-    default_exts: "",
-    user_exts: []
-  },
-  "minimal-debug" => {
-    debug: true,
-    default_exts: "",
-    user_exts: []
-  },
-  "full" => {
-    debug: false,
-    default_exts: FULL_EXTS,
-    user_exts: []
-  },
-  "full-debug" => {
-    debug: true,
-    default_exts: FULL_EXTS,
-    user_exts: []
-  },
-  "full-js-debug" => {
-    debug: true,
-    default_exts: FULL_EXTS,
-    user_exts: %w[js witapi]
-  }
-}
+BUILD_SOURCES = %w[3.3 3.2 head]
+BUILD_PROFILES = %w[full minimal]
 
 BUILDS =
-  %w[wasm32-unknown-wasi wasm32-unknown-emscripten]
-    .product(BUILD_SOURCES.keys, BUILD_PROFILES.keys)
-    .select do |target, _, profile_name|
-      if target == "wasm32-unknown-emscripten"
-        # Builds only full for Emscripten since minimal, js, debug
-        # builds are rarely used with Emscripten.
-        next profile_name == "full"
-      end
-      next true
-    end
-    .map { |t, s, p| { src: s, target: t, profile: p } }
+  BUILD_SOURCES
+    .product(BUILD_PROFILES)
+    .map { |src, profile| [src, "wasm32-unknown-wasi", profile] } +
+    BUILD_SOURCES.map { |src| [src, "wasm32-unknown-emscripten", "full"] }
 
 NPM_PACKAGES = [
   {
     name: "ruby-head-wasm-emscripten",
-    build: "head-wasm32-unknown-emscripten-full",
+    ruby_version: "head",
+    gemfile: nil,
     target: "wasm32-unknown-emscripten"
   },
-  {
-    name: "ruby-wasm-wasi",
-    build: "head-wasm32-unknown-wasi-full-js-debug",
-    target: "wasm32-unknown-wasi"
-  },
   {
     name: "ruby-head-wasm-wasi",
-    build: "head-wasm32-unknown-wasi-full-js-debug",
+    ruby_version: "head",
+    gemfile: "packages/npm-packages/ruby-wasm-wasi/Gemfile",
     target: "wasm32-unknown-wasi"
   },
   {
     name: "ruby-3.3-wasm-wasi",
-    build: "3.3-wasm32-unknown-wasi-full-js-debug",
+    ruby_version: "3.3",
+    gemfile: "packages/npm-packages/ruby-wasm-wasi/Gemfile",
     target: "wasm32-unknown-wasi"
   },
   {
     name: "ruby-3.2-wasm-wasi",
-    build: "3.2-wasm32-unknown-wasi-full-js-debug",
+    ruby_version: "3.2",
+    gemfile: "packages/npm-packages/ruby-wasm-wasi/Gemfile",
     target: "wasm32-unknown-wasi"
   }
 ]
@@ -117,46 +53,71 @@ STANDALONE_PACKAGES = [
 LIB_ROOT = File.dirname(__FILE__)
 
 TOOLCHAINS = {}
+BUILDS
+  .map { |_, target, _| target }
+  .uniq
+  .each do |target|
+    build_dir = File.join(LIB_ROOT, "build")
+    toolchain = RubyWasm::Toolchain.get(target, build_dir)
+    TOOLCHAINS[toolchain.name] = toolchain
+  end
+
+class BuildTask < Struct.new(:name, :target, :build_command)
+  def ruby_cache_key
+    return @key if @key
+    require "open3"
+    cmd = build_command + ["--print-ruby-cache-key"]
+    stdout, status = Open3.capture2(*cmd)
+    unless status.success?
+      raise "Command failed with status (#{status.exitstatus}): #{cmd.join ""}"
+    end
+    require "json"
+    @key = JSON.parse(stdout)
+  end
+
+  def hexdigest
+    ruby_cache_key["hexdigest"]
+  end
+  def artifact
+    ruby_cache_key["artifact"]
+  end
+end
 
 namespace :build do
   BUILD_TASKS =
-    BUILDS.map do |params|
-      name = "#{params[:src]}-#{params[:target]}-#{params[:profile]}"
-      source = BUILD_SOURCES[params[:src]].merge(name: params[:src])
-      profile = BUILD_PROFILES[params[:profile]]
-      options = {
-        src: source,
-        target: params[:target],
-        default_exts: profile[:default_exts]
-      }
-      debug = profile[:debug]
-      RubyWasm::BuildTask.new(name, **options) do |t|
-        if debug
-          t.crossruby.debugflags = %w[-g]
-          t.crossruby.wasmoptflags = %w[-O3 -g]
-          t.crossruby.ldflags = %w[
-            -Xlinker
-            --stack-first
-            -Xlinker
-            -z
-            -Xlinker
-            stack-size=16777216
-          ]
-        else
-          t.crossruby.debugflags = %w[-g0]
-          t.crossruby.ldflags = %w[-Xlinker -zstack-size=16777216]
+    BUILDS.map do |src, target, profile|
+      name = "#{src}-#{target}-#{profile}"
+
+      build_command = [
+        "exe/rbwasm",
+        "build",
+        "--ruby-version",
+        src,
+        "--target",
+        target,
+        "--build-profile",
+        profile,
+        "--disable-gems",
+        "-o",
+        "/dev/null"
+      ]
+      desc "Cross-build Ruby for #{target}"
+      task name do
+        sh *build_command
+      end
+      namespace name do
+        task :remake do
+          sh *build_command, "--remake"
         end
-
-        toolchain = t.toolchain
-        t.crossruby.user_exts =
-          profile[:user_exts].map do |ext|
-            srcdir = File.join(LIB_ROOT, "ext", ext)
-            RubyWasm::CrossRubyExtProduct.new(srcdir, toolchain)
-          end
-        unless TOOLCHAINS.key? toolchain.name
-          TOOLCHAINS[toolchain.name] = toolchain
+        task :reconfigure do
+          sh *build_command, "--reconfigure"
+        end
+        task :clean do
+          sh *build_command, "--clean"
         end
       end
+
+      BuildTask.new(name, target, build_command)
     end
 
   desc "Clean build directories"
diff --git a/Steepfile b/Steepfile
index 98977dcd8d..6bb7851cc5 100644
--- a/Steepfile
+++ b/Steepfile
@@ -14,6 +14,11 @@ target :lib do
   library "uri"
   library "shellwords"
   library "io-console"
+  library "optparse"
+  library "json"
+  library "logger"
+  library "pathname"
+  library "forwardable"
 
   configure_code_diagnostics(D::Ruby.default)
 end
diff --git a/bin/setup b/bin/setup
index ffa93c6bcc..b98faf9dbc 100755
--- a/bin/setup
+++ b/bin/setup
@@ -3,5 +3,8 @@ set -euo pipefail
 IFS=$'\n\t'
 set -vx
 
-bundle install
+root="$(cd "$(dirname "$0")/.." && pwd)"
+
+env BUNDLE_GEMFILE="$root/Gemfile" bundle install
+env BUNDLE_GEMFILE="$root/packages/npm-packages/ruby-wasm-wasi/Gemfile" bundle install
 npm ci
diff --git a/builders/wasm32-unknown-emscripten/Dockerfile b/builders/wasm32-unknown-emscripten/Dockerfile
index 35148ac156..0bd16e0cd5 100644
--- a/builders/wasm32-unknown-emscripten/Dockerfile
+++ b/builders/wasm32-unknown-emscripten/Dockerfile
@@ -4,16 +4,36 @@ ARG NODE_MAJOR_VERSION=20
 
 RUN set -eux; \
   apt-get update; \
-  apt-get install ruby bison make autoconf git curl build-essential libyaml-dev zlib1g-dev gosu -y; \
   apt-get install -y ca-certificates curl gnupg; \
   mkdir -p /etc/apt/keyrings; \
   curl -fsSL https://deb.nodesource.com/gpgkey/nodesource-repo.gpg.key | gpg --dearmor -o /etc/apt/keyrings/nodesource.gpg; \
   echo "deb [signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/nodesource.gpg] https://deb.nodesource.com/node_$NODE_MAJOR_VERSION.x nodistro main" | tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/nodesource.list; \
   apt-get update; \
-  apt-get install nodejs -y; \
+  apt-get install ruby ruby-dev ruby-bundler nodejs \
+    bison make autoconf git curl build-essential \
+    libyaml-dev zlib1g-dev gosu \
+    libclang-13-dev -y; \
   apt-get clean; \
   rm -r /var/lib/apt/lists/*
 
+# Prefer apt-installed nodejs instead of emsdk's old one.
+ENV PATH=/usr/bin:$PATH
+
+ENV RUSTUP_HOME=/usr/local/rustup \
+    CARGO_HOME=/usr/local/cargo \
+    PATH=/usr/local/cargo/bin:$PATH \
+    RUST_VERSION=1.74
+
+RUN set -eux pipefail; \
+  curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 -sSf https://sh.rustup.rs | \
+    sh -s -- -y --no-modify-path --profile minimal --default-toolchain $RUST_VERSION; \
+  chmod -R a+w $RUSTUP_HOME $CARGO_HOME
+
+ENV BUNDLE_PATH=/usr/local/gems
+RUN set -eux; \
+  mkdir -p $BUNDLE_PATH; \
+  chmod -R 777 $BUNDLE_PATH
+
 COPY entrypoint.sh /usr/local/bin/entrypoint.sh
 RUN chmod +x /usr/local/bin/entrypoint.sh
 ENTRYPOINT ["/usr/local/bin/entrypoint.sh"]
diff --git a/builders/wasm32-unknown-wasi/Dockerfile b/builders/wasm32-unknown-wasi/Dockerfile
index 270d6e0056..a02cd36a7e 100644
--- a/builders/wasm32-unknown-wasi/Dockerfile
+++ b/builders/wasm32-unknown-wasi/Dockerfile
@@ -5,13 +5,15 @@ ARG NODE_MAJOR_VERSION=20
 
 RUN set -eux; \
   apt-get update; \
-  apt-get install ruby bison make autoconf git curl build-essential libyaml-dev zlib1g-dev gosu -y; \
   apt-get install -y ca-certificates curl gnupg; \
   mkdir -p /etc/apt/keyrings; \
   curl -fsSL https://deb.nodesource.com/gpgkey/nodesource-repo.gpg.key | gpg --dearmor -o /etc/apt/keyrings/nodesource.gpg; \
   echo "deb [signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/nodesource.gpg] https://deb.nodesource.com/node_$NODE_MAJOR_VERSION.x nodistro main" | tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/nodesource.list; \
   apt-get update; \
-  apt-get install nodejs -y; \
+  apt-get install ruby ruby-dev ruby-bundler nodejs \
+    bison make autoconf git curl build-essential \
+    libyaml-dev zlib1g-dev gosu \
+    libclang-13-dev -y; \
   apt-get clean; \
   rm -r /var/lib/apt/lists/*
 
@@ -21,6 +23,21 @@ RUN set -eux pipefail; \
   unzip wasi-preset-args-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu.zip; \
   mv wasi-preset-args /usr/local/bin/wasi-preset-args
 
+ENV RUSTUP_HOME=/usr/local/rustup \
+    CARGO_HOME=/usr/local/cargo \
+    PATH=/usr/local/cargo/bin:$PATH \
+    RUST_VERSION=1.74
+
+RUN set -eux pipefail; \
+  curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 -sSf https://sh.rustup.rs | \
+    sh -s -- -y --no-modify-path --profile minimal --default-toolchain $RUST_VERSION; \
+  chmod -R a+w $RUSTUP_HOME $CARGO_HOME
+
+ENV BUNDLE_PATH=/usr/local/gems
+RUN set -eux; \
+  mkdir -p $BUNDLE_PATH; \
+  chmod -R 777 $BUNDLE_PATH
+
 COPY entrypoint.sh /usr/local/bin/entrypoint.sh
 RUN chmod +x /usr/local/bin/entrypoint.sh
 ENTRYPOINT ["/usr/local/bin/entrypoint.sh"]
diff --git a/exe/rbwasm b/exe/rbwasm
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..484ebea4dc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/exe/rbwasm
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env ruby
+
+$LOAD_PATH << File.join(__dir__, "../lib")
+require "ruby_wasm"
+require "ruby_wasm/cli"
+
+RubyWasm::CLI.new(stdout: $stdout, stderr: $stderr).run(ARGV)
diff --git a/ext/extinit.c.erb b/ext/extinit.c.erb
index 2d74013839..8fab120a7f 100644
--- a/ext/extinit.c.erb
+++ b/ext/extinit.c.erb
@@ -14,7 +14,8 @@ end
 exts = ARGV
 
 c_src = ERB.new(DATA.read).result
-IO.popen("#{@cc} -c -xc - -o #{@o}", "w") {|f| f << c_src }
+IO.popen([@cc, "-c", "-xc", "-", "-o", @o], "w") {|f| f << c_src }
+exit $?.exitstatus
 
 __END__
 #define init(func, name) { \
@@ -26,6 +27,6 @@ void ruby_init_ext(const char *name, void (*init)(void));
 
 void Init_extra_exts(void) {
 <% exts.each do |ext| %>
-  init(<%= "Init_#{ext}" %>, "<%= ext %>");
+  init(<%= "Init_#{File.basename ext}" %>, "<%= ext %>");
 <% end %>
 }
diff --git a/ext/ruby_wasm/Cargo.toml b/ext/ruby_wasm/Cargo.toml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..82672798e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ext/ruby_wasm/Cargo.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+[package]
+name = "ruby_wasm"
+version = "0.0.0"
+edition = "2021"
+authors = ["Yuta Saito <kateinoigakukun@gmail.com>"]
+license = "MIT"
+publish = false
+
+[lib]
+crate-type = ["cdylib"]
+
+[dependencies]
+magnus = "0.6.2"
+wizer = "3.0.0"
+wasmtime-wasi = "9.0.4"
+wasi-cap-std-sync = "9.0.4"
+wasi-vfs-cli = { git = "https://github.com/kateinoigakukun/wasi-vfs/", rev = "b1e4e5d9cd6322e8745e67c092b495973835a94f" }
diff --git a/ext/ruby_wasm/extconf.rb b/ext/ruby_wasm/extconf.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..48b4f12841
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ext/ruby_wasm/extconf.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+require "mkmf"
+require "rb_sys/mkmf"
+
+create_rust_makefile("ruby_wasm/ruby_wasm")
diff --git a/ext/ruby_wasm/src/lib.rs b/ext/ruby_wasm/src/lib.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cd907aa22f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ext/ruby_wasm/src/lib.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+use std::path::PathBuf;
+
+use magnus::{
+    eval, exception, function, method,
+    prelude::*,
+    value::{self, InnerValue},
+    wrap, Error, ExceptionClass, RModule, Ruby,
+};
+use wizer::Wizer;
+
+static RUBY_WASM: value::Lazy<RModule> =
+    value::Lazy::new(|ruby| ruby.define_module("RubyWasmExt").unwrap());
+
+fn preinit(core_module: Vec<u8>) -> Result<Vec<u8>, Error> {
+    let rbwasm_error = eval("RubyWasmExt::Error")?;
+    let rbwasm_error = ExceptionClass::from_value(rbwasm_error).unwrap();
+    let mut wizer = Wizer::new();
+    wizer
+        .wasm_bulk_memory(true)
+        .inherit_stdio(true)
+        .inherit_env(true)
+        .allow_wasi(true)
+        .map_err(|e| Error::new(rbwasm_error, format!("failed to create wizer: {}", e)))?;
+
+    wizer
+        .run(&core_module)
+        .map_err(|e| Error::new(rbwasm_error, format!("failed to run wizer: {}", e)))
+}
+
+struct WasiVfsInner {
+    map_dirs: Vec<(PathBuf, PathBuf)>,
+}
+
+#[wrap(class = "RubyWasmExt::WasiVfs")]
+struct WasiVfs(std::cell::RefCell<WasiVfsInner>);
+
+impl WasiVfs {
+    fn new() -> Self {
+        Self(std::cell::RefCell::new(WasiVfsInner { map_dirs: vec![] }))
+    }
+
+    fn map_dir(&self, guest_dir: String, host_dir: String) {
+        self.0.borrow_mut().map_dirs.push((guest_dir.into(), host_dir.into()));
+    }
+
+    fn pack(&self, wasm_bytes: Vec<u8>) -> Result<Vec<u8>, Error> {
+        let output_bytes = wasi_vfs_cli::pack(&wasm_bytes, self.0.borrow().map_dirs.clone()).map_err(|e| {
+            Error::new(
+                exception::standard_error(),
+                format!("failed to pack wasi vfs: {}", e),
+            )
+        })?;
+        Ok(output_bytes)
+    }
+}
+
+#[magnus::init]
+fn init(ruby: &Ruby) -> Result<(), Error> {
+    let module = RUBY_WASM.get_inner_with(ruby);
+    module.define_error("Error", exception::standard_error())?;
+
+    module.define_singleton_method("preinitialize", function!(preinit, 1))?;
+
+    let wasi_vfs = module.define_class("WasiVfs", ruby.class_object())?;
+    wasi_vfs.define_singleton_method("new", function!(WasiVfs::new, 0))?;
+    wasi_vfs.define_method("map_dir", method!(WasiVfs::map_dir, 2))?;
+    wasi_vfs.define_method("pack", method!(WasiVfs::pack, 1))?;
+    Ok(())
+}
diff --git a/lib/ruby_wasm.rb b/lib/ruby_wasm.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fb94e0478a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/ruby_wasm.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+require "logger"
+
+require_relative "ruby_wasm/version"
+require_relative "ruby_wasm/util"
+require_relative "ruby_wasm/build"
+require_relative "ruby_wasm/packager"
+require_relative "ruby_wasm/packager/file_system"
+require_relative "ruby_wasm/packager/core"
+
+module RubyWasm
+  class << self
+    attr_accessor :log_level
+
+    def logger
+      @logger ||=
+        begin
+          logger =
+            Logger.new(
+              $stderr,
+              level: @log_level || Logger::INFO,
+              progname: "rbwasm"
+            )
+          logger.formatter =
+            proc { |severity, datetime, progname, msg| "#{severity}: #{msg}\n" }
+          logger
+        end
+    end
+
+    def logger=(logger)
+      @logger = logger
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/lib/ruby_wasm/build.rb b/lib/ruby_wasm/build.rb
index 379890dfb7..ade5366533 100644
--- a/lib/ruby_wasm/build.rb
+++ b/lib/ruby_wasm/build.rb
@@ -1,190 +1,88 @@
 require_relative "build/build_params"
 require_relative "build/product"
 require_relative "build/toolchain"
-
-module RubyWasm
-  # Build executor to run the actual build commands.
-  class BuildExecutor
-    attr_reader :process_count
-
-    def initialize(verbose: false, process_count: nil)
-      @verbose = verbose
-      @github_actions_markup = ENV["ENABLE_GITHUB_ACTIONS_MARKUP"] != nil
-      __skip__ =
-        begin
-          require "etc"
-          @process_count = process_count || Etc.nprocessors
-        rescue LoadError
-          @process_count = process_count || 1
-        end
-    end
-
-    def system(*args, chdir: nil, env: nil)
-      require "open3"
-
-      _print_command(args, env)
-
-      # @type var kwargs: Hash[Symbol, untyped]
-      kwargs = {}
-      kwargs[:chdir] = chdir if chdir
-
-      args = args.to_a.map(&:to_s)
-      # TODO: Remove __skip__ once we have open3 RBS definitions.
-      __skip__ =
-        if @verbose || !$stdout.tty?
-          kwargs[:exception] = true
-          if env
-            Kernel.system(env, *args, **kwargs)
-          else
-            Kernel.system(*args, **kwargs)
-          end
-        else
-          printer = StatusPrinter.new
-          block =
-            proc do |stdin, stdout, stderr, wait_thr|
-              mux = Mutex.new
-              out = String.new
-              err = String.new
-              readers =
-                [
-                  [stdout, :stdout, out],
-                  [stderr, :stderr, err]
-                ].map do |io, name, str|
-                  reader =
-                    Thread.new do
-                      while (line = io.gets)
-                        mux.synchronize do
-                          printer.send(name, line)
-                          str << line
-                        end
-                      end
-                    end
-                  reader.report_on_exception = false
-                  reader
-                end
-
-              readers.each(&:join)
-
-              [out, err, wait_thr.value]
-            end
-          begin
-            stdout, stderr, status =
-              if env
-                Open3.popen3(env, *args, **kwargs, &block)
-              else
-                Open3.popen3(*args, **kwargs, &block)
-              end
-            unless status.success?
-              $stderr.puts stdout
-              $stderr.puts stderr
-              raise "Command failed with status (#{status.exitstatus}): #{args.join(" ")}"
-            end
-          ensure
-            printer.done
-          end
-        end
-      return
-    rescue => e
-      $stdout.flush
-      $stderr.puts "Try running with `rake --verbose` for more complete output."
-      raise e
-    end
-
-    def begin_section(klass, name, note)
-      message = "\e[1;36m==>\e[0m \e[1m#{klass}(#{name}) -- #{note}\e[0m"
-      if @github_actions_markup
-        puts "::group::#{message}"
-      else
-        puts message
-      end
-
-      # Record the start time
-      @start_times ||= Hash.new
-      @start_times[[klass, name]] = Time.now
-
-      $stdout.flush
-    end
-
-    def end_section(klass, name)
-      took = Time.now - @start_times[[klass, name]]
-      puts "::endgroup::" if @github_actions_markup
-      puts "\e[1;36m==>\e[0m \e[1m#{klass}(#{name}) -- done in #{took.round(2)}s\e[0m"
-    end
-
-    def rm_rf(list)
-      FileUtils.rm_rf(list)
-    end
-
-    def rm_f(list)
-      FileUtils.rm_f(list)
-    end
-
-    def cp_r(src, dest)
-      FileUtils.cp_r(src, dest)
-    end
-
-    def mv(src, dest)
-      FileUtils.mv(src, dest)
-    end
-
-    def mkdir_p(list)
-      FileUtils.mkdir_p(list)
-    end
-
-    def write(path, data)
-      File.write(path, data)
-    end
-
-    private
-
-    def _print_command(args, env)
-      require "shellwords"
-      # Bold cyan
-      print "\e[1;36m  ==>\e[0m "
-      print "env " + env.map { |k, v| "#{k}=#{v}" }.join(" ") + " " if env
-      print args.map { |arg| Shellwords.escape(arg.to_s) }.join(" ") + "\n"
-    end
+require_relative "build/executor"
+
+class RubyWasm::Build
+  # Source to build from.
+  attr_reader :source
+
+  # Target to build for.
+  attr_reader :target
+
+  # Toolchain for the build.
+  # Defaults to the Toolchain.get for the target.
+  attr_reader :toolchain
+
+  # LibYAML product to build.
+  attr_reader :libyaml
+
+  # zlib product to build.
+  attr_reader :zlib
+
+  # wasi-vfs product used by the crossruby.
+  attr_reader :wasi_vfs
+
+  # BaseRuby product to build.
+  attr_reader :baseruby
+
+  # CrossRuby product to build.
+  attr_reader :crossruby
+
+  def initialize(
+    name,
+    target:,
+    src:,
+    toolchain:,
+    build_dir:,
+    rubies_dir:,
+    **options
+  )
+    @target = target
+    @build_dir = build_dir
+    @rubies_dir = rubies_dir
+    @toolchain = (toolchain || RubyWasm::Toolchain.get(target, @build_dir))
+
+    @libyaml = RubyWasm::LibYAMLProduct.new(@build_dir, @target, @toolchain)
+    @zlib = RubyWasm::ZlibProduct.new(@build_dir, @target, @toolchain)
+    @wasi_vfs = RubyWasm::WasiVfsProduct.new(@build_dir)
+    @source = RubyWasm::BuildSource.new(src, @build_dir)
+    @baseruby = RubyWasm::BaseRubyProduct.new(@build_dir, @source)
+    @openssl = RubyWasm::OpenSSLProduct.new(@build_dir, @target, @toolchain)
+
+    build_params =
+      RubyWasm::BuildParams.new(
+        name: name,
+        target: target,
+        default_exts: options[:default_exts]
+      )
+
+    @crossruby =
+      RubyWasm::CrossRubyProduct.new(
+        build_params,
+        @build_dir,
+        @rubies_dir,
+        @baseruby,
+        @source,
+        @toolchain
+      )
+
+    @crossruby.with_libyaml @libyaml
+    @crossruby.with_zlib @zlib
+    @crossruby.with_wasi_vfs @wasi_vfs
+    @crossruby.with_openssl @openssl
   end
 
-  # Human readable status printer for the build.
-  class StatusPrinter
-    def initialize
-      @mutex = Mutex.new
-      @counter = 0
-      @indicators = "|/-\\"
-    end
-
-    def stdout(message)
-      require "io/console"
-      @mutex.synchronize do
-        $stdout.print "\e[K"
-        first_line = message.lines(chomp: true).first || ""
-
-        # Make sure we don't line-wrap the output
-        size =
-          __skip__ =
-            IO.respond_to?(:console_size) ? IO.console_size : IO.console.winsize
-        terminal_width = size[1].to_i.nonzero? || 80
-        width_limit = terminal_width / 2 - 3
-
-        if first_line.length > width_limit
-          first_line = (first_line[0..width_limit - 5] || "") + "..."
-        end
-        indicator = @indicators[@counter] || " "
-        to_print = "  " + indicator + " " + first_line
-        $stdout.print to_print
-        $stdout.print "\e[1A\n"
-        @counter += 1
-        @counter = 0 if @counter >= @indicators.length
-      end
-    end
-
-    def stderr(message)
-      @mutex.synchronize { $stdout.print message }
-    end
-
-    def done
-      @mutex.synchronize { $stdout.print "\e[K" }
-    end
+  def cache_key(digest)
+    @source.cache_key(digest)
+    @crossruby.cache_key(digest)
+    digest << @build_dir
+    digest << @rubies_dir
+    digest << @target
+    digest << @toolchain.name
+    digest << @libyaml.name
+    digest << @zlib.name
+    digest << @openssl.name
+    digest << @wasi_vfs.name
   end
 end
diff --git a/lib/ruby_wasm/build/downloader.rb b/lib/ruby_wasm/build/downloader.rb
index 38946eda14..b6e80019f7 100644
--- a/lib/ruby_wasm/build/downloader.rb
+++ b/lib/ruby_wasm/build/downloader.rb
@@ -1,15 +1,5 @@
 module RubyWasm
   class Downloader
-    def format_size(size)
-      units = %w[B KB MB GB TB]
-      unit = 0
-      while size > 1024 and unit < units.size - 1
-        size /= 1024.0
-        unit += 1
-      end
-      "%s #{units[unit]}" % size.round(2)
-    end
-
     def download(url, dest, message)
       require "open-uri"
       content_length = 0
@@ -18,7 +8,7 @@ def download(url, dest, message)
         uri,
         content_length_proc: ->(len) { content_length = len },
         progress_proc: ->(size) do
-          print "\r#{message} (#{format_size(content_length)}) %.2f%%" %
+          print "\r#{message} (#{SizeFormatter.format(content_length)}) %.2f%%" %
                   (size.to_f / content_length * 100)
         end
       ) { |f| File.open(dest, "wb") { |out| out.write f.read } }
diff --git a/lib/ruby_wasm/build/executor.rb b/lib/ruby_wasm/build/executor.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f1e10d4926
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/ruby_wasm/build/executor.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+module RubyWasm
+  # Build executor to run the actual build commands.
+  class BuildExecutor
+    attr_reader :process_count
+
+    def initialize(verbose: false, process_count: nil)
+      @verbose = verbose
+      @github_actions_markup = ENV["ENABLE_GITHUB_ACTIONS_MARKUP"] != nil
+      __skip__ =
+        begin
+          require "etc"
+          @process_count = process_count || Etc.nprocessors
+        rescue LoadError
+          @process_count = process_count || 1
+        end
+    end
+
+    def system(*args, chdir: nil, env: nil)
+      require "open3"
+
+      _print_command(args, env)
+
+      # @type var kwargs: Hash[Symbol, untyped]
+      kwargs = {}
+      kwargs[:chdir] = chdir if chdir
+
+      args = args.to_a.map(&:to_s)
+      # TODO: Remove __skip__ once we have open3 RBS definitions.
+      __skip__ =
+        if @verbose || !$stdout.tty?
+          kwargs[:exception] = true
+          if env
+            Kernel.system(env, *args, **kwargs)
+          else
+            Kernel.system(*args, **kwargs)
+          end
+        else
+          printer = StatusPrinter.new
+          block =
+            proc do |stdin, stdout, stderr, wait_thr|
+              mux = Mutex.new
+              out = String.new
+              err = String.new
+              readers =
+                [
+                  [stdout, :stdout, out],
+                  [stderr, :stderr, err]
+                ].map do |io, name, str|
+                  reader =
+                    Thread.new do
+                      while (line = io.gets)
+                        mux.synchronize do
+                          printer.send(name, line)
+                          str << line
+                        end
+                      end
+                    end
+                  reader.report_on_exception = false
+                  reader
+                end
+
+              readers.each(&:join)
+
+              [out, err, wait_thr.value]
+            end
+          begin
+            stdout, stderr, status =
+              if env
+                Open3.popen3(env, *args, **kwargs, &block)
+              else
+                Open3.popen3(*args, **kwargs, &block)
+              end
+            unless status.success?
+              $stderr.puts stdout
+              $stderr.puts stderr
+              cmd_to_print = args.map { |a| "'#{a}'" }.join(" ")
+              raise "Command failed with status (#{status.exitstatus}): #{cmd_to_print}"
+            end
+          ensure
+            printer.done
+          end
+        end
+      return
+    rescue => e
+      $stdout.flush
+      $stderr.puts "Try running with `rake --verbose` for more complete output."
+      raise e
+    end
+
+    def begin_section(klass, name, note)
+      message = "\e[1;36m==>\e[0m \e[1m#{klass}(#{name}) -- #{note}\e[0m"
+      if @github_actions_markup
+        puts "::group::#{message}"
+      else
+        puts message
+      end
+
+      # Record the start time
+      @start_times ||= Hash.new
+      @start_times[[klass, name]] = Time.now
+
+      $stdout.flush
+    end
+
+    def end_section(klass, name)
+      took = Time.now - @start_times[[klass, name]]
+      puts "::endgroup::" if @github_actions_markup
+      puts "\e[1;36m==>\e[0m \e[1m#{klass}(#{name}) -- done in #{took.round(2)}s\e[0m"
+    end
+
+    def rm_rf(list)
+      FileUtils.rm_rf(list)
+    end
+
+    def rm_f(list)
+      FileUtils.rm_f(list)
+    end
+
+    def cp_r(src, dest)
+      FileUtils.cp_r(src, dest)
+    end
+
+    def mv(src, dest)
+      FileUtils.mv(src, dest)
+    end
+
+    def mkdir_p(list)
+      FileUtils.mkdir_p(list)
+    end
+
+    def write(path, data)
+      File.write(path, data)
+    end
+
+    private
+
+    def _print_command(args, env)
+      require "shellwords"
+      # Bold cyan
+      print "\e[1;36m  ==>\e[0m "
+      print "env " + env.map { |k, v| "#{k}=#{v}" }.join(" ") + " " if env
+      print args.map { |arg| Shellwords.escape(arg.to_s) }.join(" ") + "\n"
+    end
+  end
+
+  # Human readable status printer for the build.
+  class StatusPrinter
+    def initialize
+      @mutex = Mutex.new
+      @counter = 0
+      @indicators = "|/-\\"
+    end
+
+    def stdout(message)
+      require "io/console"
+      @mutex.synchronize do
+        $stdout.print "\e[K"
+        first_line = message.lines(chomp: true).first || ""
+
+        # Make sure we don't line-wrap the output
+        size =
+          __skip__ =
+            IO.respond_to?(:console_size) ? IO.console_size : IO.console.winsize
+        terminal_width = size[1].to_i.nonzero? || 80
+        width_limit = terminal_width / 2 - 3
+
+        if first_line.length > width_limit
+          first_line = (first_line[0..width_limit - 5] || "") + "..."
+        end
+        indicator = @indicators[@counter] || " "
+        to_print = "  " + indicator + " " + first_line
+        $stdout.print to_print
+        $stdout.print "\e[1A\n"
+        @counter += 1
+        @counter = 0 if @counter >= @indicators.length
+      end
+    end
+
+    def stderr(message)
+      @mutex.synchronize { $stdout.print message }
+    end
+
+    def done
+      @mutex.synchronize { $stdout.print "\e[K" }
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/lib/ruby_wasm/build/product/crossruby.rb b/lib/ruby_wasm/build/product/crossruby.rb
index ddbb91240a..323ddce315 100644
--- a/lib/ruby_wasm/build/product/crossruby.rb
+++ b/lib/ruby_wasm/build/product/crossruby.rb
@@ -1,21 +1,35 @@
 require_relative "./product"
+require "json"
 
 module RubyWasm
   class CrossRubyExtProduct < BuildProduct
     attr_reader :name
-    def initialize(srcdir, toolchain, name: nil)
+
+    def initialize(srcdir, toolchain, ext_relative_path: nil)
       @srcdir, @toolchain = srcdir, toolchain
-      @name = name || File.basename(srcdir)
+      # ext_relative_path is relative path from build dir
+      # e.g. cgi-0.3.6/ext/cgi/escape
+      @ext_relative_path = ext_relative_path || File.basename(srcdir)
+      @name = @ext_relative_path
     end
 
     def product_build_dir(crossruby)
-      File.join(crossruby.ext_build_dir, @name)
+      File.join(crossruby.ext_build_dir, @ext_relative_path)
     end
 
     def linklist(crossruby)
       File.join(product_build_dir(crossruby), "link.filelist")
     end
 
+    def metadata_json(crossruby)
+      File.join(product_build_dir(crossruby), "rbwasm.metadata.json")
+    end
+
+    def feature_name(crossruby)
+      metadata = JSON.parse(File.read(metadata_json(crossruby)))
+      metadata["target"]
+    end
+
     def make_args(crossruby)
       make_args = []
       make_args << "CC=#{@toolchain.cc}"
@@ -28,7 +42,6 @@ def make_args(crossruby)
     end
 
     def build(executor, crossruby)
-      lib = @name
       objdir = product_build_dir crossruby
       executor.mkdir_p objdir
       do_extconf executor, crossruby
@@ -37,7 +50,7 @@ def build(executor, crossruby)
                       "-C",
                       "#{objdir}",
                       *make_args(crossruby),
-                      "#{lib}.a"
+                      "static"
       # A ext can provide link args by link.filelist. It contains only built archive file by default.
       unless File.exist?(linklist(crossruby))
         executor.write(
@@ -58,6 +71,9 @@ def do_extconf(executor, crossruby)
         # HACK: extout is required to find config.h
         "-e",
         %Q($extout="#{crossruby.build_dir}/.ext"),
+        # HACK: skip have_devel check since ruby is not installed yet
+        "-e",
+        "$have_devel = true",
         # HACK: force static ext build by imitating extmk
         "-e",
         "$static = true; trace_var(:$static) {|v| $static = true }",
@@ -68,6 +84,10 @@ def do_extconf(executor, crossruby)
         %Q($0="#{@srcdir}/extconf.rb"),
         "-e",
         %Q(require_relative "#{@srcdir}/extconf.rb"),
+        # HACK: extract "$target" from extconf.rb to get a full target name
+        # like "cgi/escape" instead of "escape"
+        "-e",
+        %Q(require "json"; File.write("#{metadata_json(crossruby)}", JSON.dump({target: $target}))),
         "-I#{crossruby.build_dir}"
       ]
       # Clear RUBYOPT to avoid loading unrelated bundle setup
@@ -108,22 +128,14 @@ class CrossRubyProduct < AutoconfProduct
                   :xcflags,
                   :xldflags
 
-    def initialize(
-      params,
-      build_dir,
-      rubies_dir,
-      baseruby,
-      source,
-      toolchain,
-      user_exts: []
-    )
+    def initialize(params, build_dir, rubies_dir, baseruby, source, toolchain)
       @params = params
       @rubies_dir = rubies_dir
       @build_dir = build_dir
       @baseruby = baseruby
       @source = source
       @toolchain = toolchain
-      @user_exts = user_exts
+      @user_exts = []
       @wasmoptflags = []
       @cppflags = []
       @cflags = []
@@ -170,7 +182,7 @@ def build(executor, remake: false, reconfigure: false)
       executor.mkdir_p File.dirname(extinit_obj)
       executor.system "ruby",
                       extinit_c_erb,
-                      *@user_exts.map(&:name),
+                      *@user_exts.map { |ext| ext.feature_name(self) },
                       "--cc",
                       toolchain.cc,
                       "--output",
@@ -187,7 +199,7 @@ def build(executor, remake: false, reconfigure: false)
       executor.rm_rf dest_dir
       executor.cp_r install_dir, dest_dir
       @user_exts.each { |ext| ext.do_install_rb(executor, self) }
-      executor.system "tar", "cfz", artifact, "-C", "rubies", name
+      executor.system "tar", "cfz", artifact, "-C", @rubies_dir, name
 
       executor.end_section self.class, name
     end
@@ -245,7 +257,7 @@ def dest_dir
     end
 
     def artifact
-      File.join(@rubies_dir, "ruby-#{name}.tar.gz")
+      File.join(@rubies_dir, "#{name}.tar.gz")
     end
 
     def extinit_obj
diff --git a/lib/ruby_wasm/build/product/openssl.rb b/lib/ruby_wasm/build/product/openssl.rb
index ed5e0c086b..4bea0ddb45 100644
--- a/lib/ruby_wasm/build/product/openssl.rb
+++ b/lib/ruby_wasm/build/product/openssl.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-require "rake"
 require_relative "./product"
 
 module RubyWasm
diff --git a/lib/ruby_wasm/cli.rb b/lib/ruby_wasm/cli.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7d6d48c37f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/ruby_wasm/cli.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,195 @@
+require "optparse"
+require "rbconfig"
+
+module RubyWasm
+  class CLI
+    def initialize(stdout:, stderr:)
+      @stdout = stdout
+      @stderr = stderr
+    end
+
+    def run(args)
+      available_commands = %w[build]
+      parser =
+        OptionParser.new do |opts|
+          opts.banner = <<~USAGE
+          Usage: rbwasm [options...] [command]
+
+          Available commands: #{available_commands.join(", ")}
+        USAGE
+          opts.version = RubyWasm::VERSION
+          opts.on("-h", "--help", "Prints this help") do
+            @stderr.puts opts
+            exit
+          end
+          opts.on("--log-level LEVEL", "Log level") do |level|
+            RubyWasm.log_level = level.to_sym
+          end
+        end
+      parser.order!(args)
+
+      command = args.shift
+      case command
+      when "build"
+        build(args)
+      else
+        @stderr.puts parser
+        exit
+      end
+    end
+
+    def build(args)
+      # @type var options: Hash[Symbol, untyped]
+      options = {
+        save_temps: false,
+        optimize: false,
+        remake: false,
+        reconfigure: false,
+        clean: false,
+        ruby_version: "3.3",
+        target_triplet: "wasm32-unknown-wasi",
+        profile: "full",
+        stdlib: true,
+        disable_gems: false
+      }
+      OptionParser
+        .new do |opts|
+          opts.banner = "Usage: rbwasm componentize [options]"
+          opts.on("-h", "--help", "Prints this help") do
+            @stdout.puts opts
+            exit
+          end
+
+          opts.on("--save-temps", "Save temporary files") do
+            options[:save_temps] = true
+          end
+
+          opts.on("--ruby-version VERSION", "Ruby version") do |version|
+            options[:ruby_version] = version
+          end
+
+          opts.on("--target TRIPLET", "Target triplet") do |triplet|
+            options[:target_triplet] = triplet
+          end
+
+          opts.on(
+            "--build-profile PROFILE",
+            "Build profile. full or minimal"
+          ) { |profile| options[:profile] = profile }
+
+          opts.on("--optimize", "Optimize the output") do
+            options[:optimize] = true
+          end
+
+          opts.on("--remake", "Re-execute make for Ruby") do
+            options[:remake] = true
+          end
+
+          opts.on("--reconfigure", "Re-execute configure for Ruby") do
+            options[:reconfigure] = true
+          end
+
+          opts.on("--clean", "Clean build artifacts") { options[:clean] = true }
+
+          opts.on("-o", "--output FILE", "Output file") do |file|
+            options[:output] = file
+          end
+
+          opts.on("--[no-]stdlib", "Include stdlib") do |stdlib|
+            options[:stdlib] = stdlib
+          end
+
+          opts.on("--disable-gems", "Disable gems") do
+            options[:disable_gems] = true
+          end
+
+          opts.on("--format FORMAT", "Output format") do |format|
+            options[:format] = format
+          end
+
+          opts.on("--print-ruby-cache-key", "Print Ruby cache key") do
+            options[:print_ruby_cache_key] = true
+          end
+        end
+        .parse!(args)
+
+      verbose = RubyWasm.logger.level == :debug
+      executor = RubyWasm::BuildExecutor.new(verbose: verbose)
+      packager = self.derive_packager(options)
+
+      if options[:print_ruby_cache_key]
+        self.do_print_ruby_cache_key(packager)
+        exit
+      end
+
+      unless options[:output]
+        @stderr.puts "Output file is not specified"
+        exit 1
+      end
+
+      require "tmpdir"
+
+      if options[:save_temps]
+        tmpdir = Dir.mktmpdir
+        self.do_build(executor, tmpdir, packager, options)
+        @stderr.puts "Temporary files are saved to #{tmpdir}"
+        exit
+      else
+        Dir.mktmpdir do |tmpdir|
+          self.do_build(executor, tmpdir, packager, options)
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    private
+
+    def build_config(options)
+      config = { target: options[:target_triplet], src: options[:ruby_version] }
+      case options[:profile]
+      when "full"
+        config[:default_exts] = RubyWasm::Packager::ALL_DEFAULT_EXTS
+      when "minimal"
+        config[:default_exts] = ""
+      else
+        RubyWasm.logger.error "Unknown profile: #{options[:profile]} (available: full, minimal)"
+        exit 1
+      end
+      config[:suffix] = "-#{options[:profile]}"
+      config
+    end
+
+    def derive_packager(options)
+      __skip__ =
+        if defined?(Bundler) && !options[:disable_gems]
+          definition = Bundler.definition
+        end
+      RubyWasm::Packager.new(build_config(options), definition)
+    end
+
+    def do_print_ruby_cache_key(packager)
+      ruby_core_build = packager.ruby_core_build
+      require "digest"
+      digest = Digest::SHA256.new
+      ruby_core_build.cache_key(digest)
+      hexdigest = digest.hexdigest
+      require "json"
+      @stdout.puts JSON.generate(
+                     hexdigest: hexdigest,
+                     artifact: ruby_core_build.artifact
+                   )
+    end
+
+    def do_build(executor, tmpdir, packager, options)
+      require_relative "ruby_wasm.so"
+      wasm_bytes = packager.package(executor, tmpdir, options)
+      RubyWasm.logger.info "Size: #{SizeFormatter.format(wasm_bytes.size)}"
+      case options[:output]
+      when "-"
+        @stdout.write wasm_bytes.pack("C*")
+      else
+        File.binwrite(options[:output], wasm_bytes.pack("C*"))
+        RubyWasm.logger.debug "Wrote #{options[:output]}"
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/lib/ruby_wasm/packager.rb b/lib/ruby_wasm/packager.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3a95446609
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/ruby_wasm/packager.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,159 @@
+# A class responsible for packaging whole Ruby project
+class RubyWasm::Packager
+  # Initializes a new instance of the RubyWasm::Packager class.
+  #
+  # @param config [Hash] The build config used for building Ruby.
+  # @param definition [Bundler::Definition] The Bundler definition.
+  def initialize(config = nil, definition = nil)
+    @definition = definition
+    @config = config
+  end
+
+  # Packages the Ruby code into a Wasm binary. (including extensions)
+  #
+  # @param executor [RubyWasm::BuildExecutor] The executor for building the Wasm binary.
+  # @param dest_dir [String] The destination used to construct the filesystem.
+  # @param options [Hash] The packaging options.
+  # @return [Array<Integer>] The bytes of the packaged Wasm binary.
+  def package(executor, dest_dir, options)
+    ruby_core = self.ruby_core_build()
+    tarball = ruby_core.build(executor, options)
+
+    fs = RubyWasm::Packager::FileSystem.new(dest_dir, self)
+    fs.package_ruby_root(tarball, executor)
+
+    ruby_wasm_bin = File.expand_path("bin/ruby", fs.ruby_root)
+    wasm_bytes = File.binread(ruby_wasm_bin).bytes
+
+    fs.package_gems
+    fs.remove_non_runtime_files(executor)
+    fs.remove_stdlib(executor) unless options[:stdlib]
+
+    if full_build_options[:target] == "wasm32-unknown-wasi"
+      # wasi-vfs supports only WASI target
+      wasi_vfs = RubyWasmExt::WasiVfs.new
+      wasi_vfs.map_dir("/bundle", fs.bundle_dir)
+      wasi_vfs.map_dir("/usr", File.dirname(fs.ruby_root))
+
+      wasm_bytes = wasi_vfs.pack(wasm_bytes)
+    end
+
+    wasm_bytes = RubyWasmExt.preinitialize(wasm_bytes) if options[:optimize]
+    wasm_bytes
+  end
+
+  def ruby_core_build
+    @ruby_core_build ||= RubyWasm::Packager::Core.new(self)
+  end
+
+  # The list of excluded gems from the Bundler definition.
+  EXCLUDED_GEMS = %w[ruby_wasm bundler]
+
+  # Retrieves the specs from the Bundler definition, excluding the excluded gems.
+  def specs
+    return [] unless @definition
+    @definition.specs.reject { |spec| EXCLUDED_GEMS.include?(spec.name) }
+  end
+
+  # Checks if dynamic linking is supported.
+  def support_dynamic_linking?
+    @ruby_channel == "head"
+  end
+
+  # Retrieves the root directory of the Ruby project.
+  # The root directory contains the following stuff:
+  #  * patches/*.patch
+  #  * build_manifest.json
+  #  * rubies
+  #  * build
+  def root
+    __skip__ =
+      @root ||=
+        begin
+          if explicit = ENV["RUBY_WASM_ROOT"]
+            File.expand_path(explicit)
+          elsif defined?(Bundler)
+            Bundler.root
+          else
+            Dir.pwd
+          end
+        rescue Bundler::GemfileNotFound
+          Dir.pwd
+        end
+  end
+
+  # Retrieves the alias definitions for the Ruby sources.
+  def self.build_source_aliases(root)
+    patches = Dir[File.join(root, "patches", "*.patch")]
+    sources = {
+      "head" => {
+        type: "github",
+        repo: "ruby/ruby",
+        rev: "997124fc0b7697bb9383e8feb8e1d88017c4bcb8",
+        patches: patches.map { |p| File.expand_path(p) }
+      },
+      "3.3" => {
+        type: "tarball",
+        url: "https://cache.ruby-lang.org/pub/ruby/3.3/ruby-3.3.0.tar.gz"
+      },
+      "3.2" => {
+        type: "tarball",
+        url: "https://cache.ruby-lang.org/pub/ruby/3.2/ruby-3.2.2.tar.gz"
+      }
+    }
+    sources.each { |name, source| source[:name] = name }
+
+    build_manifest = File.join(root, "build_manifest.json")
+    if File.exist?(build_manifest)
+      begin
+        manifest = JSON.parse(File.read(build_manifest))
+        manifest["ruby_revisions"].each do |name, rev|
+          sources[name][:rev] = rev
+        end
+      rescue StandardError => e
+        RubyWasm.logger.warn "Failed to load build_manifest.json: #{e}"
+      end
+    end
+    sources
+  end
+
+  ALL_DEFAULT_EXTS =
+    "bigdecimal,cgi/escape,continuation,coverage,date,dbm,digest/bubblebabble,digest,digest/md5,digest/rmd160,digest/sha1,digest/sha2,etc,fcntl,fiber,gdbm,json,json/generator,json/parser,nkf,objspace,pathname,psych,racc/cparse,rbconfig/sizeof,ripper,stringio,strscan,monitor,zlib,openssl"
+
+  # Retrieves the build options used for building Ruby itself.
+  def build_options
+    default = {
+      target: "wasm32-unknown-wasi",
+      src: "3.3",
+      default_exts: ALL_DEFAULT_EXTS
+    }
+    override = @config || {}
+    # Merge the default options with the config options
+    default.merge(override)
+  end
+
+  # Retrieves the resolved build options
+  def full_build_options
+    options = build_options
+    build_dir = File.join(root, "build")
+    rubies_dir = File.join(root, "rubies")
+    toolchain = RubyWasm::Toolchain.get(options[:target], build_dir)
+    src =
+      if options[:src].is_a?(Hash)
+        options[:src]
+      else
+        src_name = options[:src]
+        aliases = self.class.build_source_aliases(root)
+        aliases[src_name] ||
+          raise(
+            "Unknown Ruby source: #{src_name} (available: #{aliases.keys.join(", ")})"
+          )
+      end
+    options.merge(
+      toolchain: toolchain,
+      build_dir: build_dir,
+      rubies_dir: rubies_dir,
+      src: src
+    )
+  end
+end
diff --git a/lib/ruby_wasm/packager/core.rb b/lib/ruby_wasm/packager/core.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b1049f27f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/ruby_wasm/packager/core.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
+require "forwardable"
+
+class RubyWasm::Packager::Core
+  def initialize(packager)
+    @packager = packager
+  end
+
+  def build(executor, options)
+    strategy = build_strategy
+    strategy.build(executor, options)
+  end
+
+  extend Forwardable
+
+  def_delegators :build_strategy, :cache_key, :artifact
+
+  private
+
+  def build_strategy
+    @build_strategy ||=
+      begin
+        has_exts = @packager.specs.any? { |spec| spec.extensions.any? }
+        if @packager.support_dynamic_linking?
+          DynamicLinking.new(@packager)
+        else
+          StaticLinking.new(@packager)
+        end
+      end
+  end
+
+  class BuildStrategy
+    def initialize(packager)
+      @packager = packager
+    end
+
+    def build(executor, options)
+      raise NotImplementedError
+    end
+
+    # Array of paths to extconf.rb files.
+    def specs_with_extensions
+      @packager.specs.filter_map do |spec|
+        exts =
+          spec.extensions.select do |ext|
+            # Filter out extensions of default gems (e.g. json, openssl)
+            # for the exactly same gem version.
+            File.exist?(File.join(spec.full_gem_path, ext))
+          end
+        next nil if exts.empty?
+        [spec, exts]
+      end
+    end
+
+    def cache_key(digest)
+      raise NotImplementedError
+    end
+
+    def artifact
+      raise NotImplementedError
+    end
+  end
+
+  class DynamicLinking < BuildStrategy
+  end
+
+  class StaticLinking < BuildStrategy
+    def build(executor, options)
+      build = derive_build
+      force_rebuild =
+        options[:remake] || options[:clean] || options[:reconfigure]
+      if File.exist?(build.crossruby.artifact) && !force_rebuild
+        return build.crossruby.artifact
+      end
+      build.crossruby.clean(executor) if options[:clean]
+
+      do_build =
+        proc do
+          build.crossruby.build(
+            executor,
+            remake: options[:remake],
+            reconfigure: options[:reconfigure]
+          )
+        end
+
+      __skip__ =
+        if defined?(Bundler)
+          Bundler.with_unbundled_env(&do_build)
+        else
+          do_build.call
+        end
+      build.crossruby.artifact
+    end
+
+    def cache_key(digest)
+      derive_build.cache_key(digest)
+    end
+
+    def artifact
+      derive_build.crossruby.artifact
+    end
+
+    def derive_build
+      return @build if @build
+      __skip__ =
+        build ||= RubyWasm::Build.new(name, **@packager.full_build_options)
+      build.crossruby.user_exts = user_exts(build)
+      # Emscripten uses --global-base=1024 by default, but it conflicts with
+      # --stack-first and -z stack-size since global-base 1024 is smaller than
+      # the large stack size.
+      # Also -g produces some warnings on Emscripten and it confuses the configure
+      # script of Ruby.
+      if @packager.full_build_options[:target] != "wasm32-unknown-emscripten"
+        build.crossruby.debugflags = %w[-g]
+        build.crossruby.wasmoptflags = %w[-O3 -g]
+        build.crossruby.ldflags = %w[
+          -Xlinker
+          --stack-first
+          -Xlinker
+          -z
+          -Xlinker
+          stack-size=16777216
+        ]
+      end
+      @build = build
+      build
+    end
+
+    def user_exts(build)
+      @user_exts ||=
+        specs_with_extensions.flat_map do |spec, exts|
+          exts.map do |ext|
+            ext_feature = File.dirname(ext) # e.g. "ext/cgi/escape"
+            ext_srcdir = File.join(spec.full_gem_path, ext_feature)
+            ext_relative_path = File.join(spec.full_name, ext_feature)
+            RubyWasm::CrossRubyExtProduct.new(
+              ext_srcdir,
+              build.toolchain,
+              ext_relative_path: ext_relative_path
+            )
+          end
+        end
+    end
+
+    def name
+      require "digest"
+      options = @packager.full_build_options
+      src_channel = options[:src][:name]
+      target_triplet = options[:target]
+      base = "ruby-#{src_channel}-#{target_triplet}#{options[:suffix]}"
+      exts = specs_with_extensions.sort
+      hash = ::Digest::MD5.new
+      specs_with_extensions.each { |spec, _| hash << spec.full_name }
+      exts.empty? ? base : "#{base}-#{hash.hexdigest}"
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/lib/ruby_wasm/packager/file_system.rb b/lib/ruby_wasm/packager/file_system.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8aebb70a87
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/ruby_wasm/packager/file_system.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+# Package Ruby code into a mountable directory.
+class RubyWasm::Packager::FileSystem
+  def initialize(dest_dir, packager)
+    @dest_dir = dest_dir
+    @packager = packager
+    @ruby_root = File.join(@dest_dir, "usr", "local")
+  end
+
+  def package_ruby_root(tarball, executor)
+    usr_dir = File.dirname(@ruby_root)
+    executor.mkdir_p usr_dir
+    executor.system(
+      "tar",
+      "-C",
+      usr_dir,
+      "-xzf",
+      tarball,
+      "--strip-components=2"
+    )
+  end
+
+  def remove_stdlib(executor)
+    # Include only rbconfig.rb
+    rbconfig =
+      File.join(
+        @ruby_root,
+        "lib",
+        "ruby",
+        ruby_version,
+        "wasm32-wasi",
+        "rbconfig.rb"
+      )
+    # Remove all files except rbconfig.rb
+    RubyWasm.logger.info "Removing stdlib (except rbconfig.rb: #{rbconfig})"
+    rbconfig_contents = File.read(rbconfig)
+    executor.rm_rf @ruby_root
+    executor.mkdir_p File.dirname(rbconfig)
+    File.write(rbconfig, rbconfig_contents)
+  end
+
+  def package_gems
+    @packager.specs.each do |spec|
+      RubyWasm.logger.info "Packaging gem: #{spec.full_name}"
+    end
+    self.each_gem_content_path do |relative, source|
+      RubyWasm.logger.debug "Packaging gem file: #{relative}"
+      dest = File.join(@dest_dir, relative)
+      FileUtils.mkdir_p File.dirname(dest)
+      FileUtils.cp_r source, dest
+    end
+
+    setup_rb_path = File.join(bundle_relative_path, "setup.rb")
+    RubyWasm.logger.info "Packaging setup.rb: #{setup_rb_path}"
+    full_setup_rb_path = File.join(@dest_dir, setup_rb_path)
+    FileUtils.mkdir_p File.dirname(full_setup_rb_path)
+    File.write(full_setup_rb_path, setup_rb_content)
+  end
+
+  def setup_rb_content
+    content = ""
+    self.each_gem_require_path do |relative, _|
+      content << %Q[$:.unshift File.expand_path("#{File.join("/", relative)}")\n]
+    end
+    content
+  end
+
+  def remove_non_runtime_files(executor)
+    %w[
+      **/*.so
+      usr/local/lib/libruby-static.a
+      usr/local/bin/ruby
+      usr/local/include
+    ].each do |pattern|
+      Dir
+        .glob(File.join(@dest_dir, pattern))
+        .each do |entry|
+          RubyWasm.logger.debug do
+            relative_entry = Pathname.new(entry).relative_path_from(@dest_dir)
+            "Removing non-runtime file: #{relative_entry}"
+          end
+          executor.rm_rf entry
+        end
+    end
+  end
+
+  def bundle_dir
+    File.join(@dest_dir, bundle_relative_path)
+  end
+
+  def ruby_root
+    @ruby_root
+  end
+
+  private
+
+  # Iterates over each gem's require path and extension path.
+  # Yields the installation relative path and the source path.
+  def each_gem_require_path(&block)
+    each_gem_extension_path(&block)
+    @packager.specs.each do |spec|
+      spec.raw_require_paths.each do |require_path|
+        source = File.expand_path(require_path, spec.full_gem_path)
+        next unless File.exist?(source)
+        relative =
+          File.join(bundle_relative_path, "gems", spec.full_name, require_path)
+        yield relative, source
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  def each_gem_content_path(&block)
+    each_gem_extension_path(&block)
+
+    @packager.specs.each do |spec|
+      next unless File.exist?(spec.full_gem_path)
+
+      Dir
+        .children(spec.full_gem_path)
+        .each do |require_path|
+          source = File.expand_path(require_path, spec.full_gem_path)
+          next unless File.exist?(source)
+          relative =
+            File.join(
+              bundle_relative_path,
+              "gems",
+              spec.full_name,
+              require_path
+            )
+          yield relative, source
+        end
+    end
+  end
+
+  def each_gem_extension_path
+    @packager.specs.each do |spec|
+      if !spec.extensions.empty? && File.exist?(spec.extension_dir)
+        relative = File.join(bundle_relative_path, "extensions", spec.full_name)
+        yield relative, spec.extension_dir
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  def bundle_relative_path
+    "bundle"
+  end
+
+  def ruby_version
+    rubyarchdir = self.rubyarchdir
+    File.basename(File.dirname(rubyarchdir))
+  end
+
+  def rubyarchdir
+    maybe =
+      Dir.glob(File.join(@ruby_root, "lib", "ruby", "*", "wasm32-wasi")).first
+    maybe || raise("Cannot find rubyarchdir")
+  end
+end
diff --git a/lib/ruby_wasm/rake_task.rb b/lib/ruby_wasm/rake_task.rb
index eb403617c8..2540f0d4d1 100644
--- a/lib/ruby_wasm/rake_task.rb
+++ b/lib/ruby_wasm/rake_task.rb
@@ -5,31 +5,6 @@ class RubyWasm::BuildTask < ::Rake::TaskLib
   # Name of the task.
   attr_accessor :name
 
-  # Source to build from.
-  attr_reader :source
-
-  # Target to build for.
-  attr_reader :target
-
-  # Toolchain for the build.
-  # Defaults to the Toolchain.get for the target.
-  attr_reader :toolchain
-
-  # LibYAML product to build.
-  attr_reader :libyaml
-
-  # zlib product to build.
-  attr_reader :zlib
-
-  # wasi-vfs product used by the crossruby.
-  attr_reader :wasi_vfs
-
-  # BaseRuby product to build.
-  attr_reader :baseruby
-
-  # CrossRuby product to build.
-  attr_reader :crossruby
-
   def initialize(
     name,
     target:,
@@ -37,40 +12,22 @@ def initialize(
     toolchain: nil,
     build_dir: nil,
     rubies_dir: nil,
-    **options
+    **options,
+    &block
   )
-    @name = name
-    @target = target
-    @build_dir = build_dir || File.join(Dir.pwd, "build")
-    @rubies_dir = rubies_dir || File.join(Dir.pwd, "rubies")
-    @toolchain = (toolchain || RubyWasm::Toolchain.get(target, @build_dir))
-
-    @libyaml = RubyWasm::LibYAMLProduct.new(@build_dir, @target, @toolchain)
-    @zlib = RubyWasm::ZlibProduct.new(@build_dir, @target, @toolchain)
-    @wasi_vfs = RubyWasm::WasiVfsProduct.new(@build_dir)
-    @source = RubyWasm::BuildSource.new(src, @build_dir)
-    @baseruby = RubyWasm::BaseRubyProduct.new(@build_dir, @source)
-    @openssl = RubyWasm::OpenSSLProduct.new(@build_dir, @target, @toolchain)
-
-    build_params =
-      RubyWasm::BuildParams.new(options.merge(name: name, target: target))
-
-    @crossruby =
-      RubyWasm::CrossRubyProduct.new(
-        build_params,
-        @build_dir,
-        @rubies_dir,
-        @baseruby,
-        @source,
-        @toolchain
+    @build =
+      RubyWasm::Build.new(
+        name,
+        target: target,
+        src: src,
+        toolchain: toolchain,
+        build_dir: build_dir || File.join(Dir.pwd, "build"),
+        rubies_dir: rubies_dir || File.join(Dir.pwd, "rubies"),
+        **options,
+        &block
       )
-    yield self if block_given?
-
-    @crossruby.with_libyaml @libyaml
-    @crossruby.with_zlib @zlib
-    @crossruby.with_wasi_vfs @wasi_vfs
-    @crossruby.with_openssl @openssl
-
+    yield @build if block_given?
+    @crossruby = @build.crossruby
     # Rake.verbose can be Object.new by default, so compare with true explicitly.
     executor = RubyWasm::BuildExecutor.new(verbose: Rake.verbose == true)
 
@@ -95,16 +52,7 @@ def initialize(
   def hexdigest
     require "digest"
     digest = Digest::SHA256.new
-    @source.cache_key(digest)
-    @crossruby.cache_key(digest)
-    digest << @build_dir
-    digest << @rubies_dir
-    digest << @target
-    digest << @toolchain.name
-    digest << @libyaml.name
-    digest << @zlib.name
-    digest << @openssl.name
-    digest << @wasi_vfs.name
+    @build.cache_key(digest)
     digest.hexdigest
   end
 end
diff --git a/lib/ruby_wasm/util.rb b/lib/ruby_wasm/util.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f19530ee0f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/ruby_wasm/util.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+module RubyWasm
+  module SizeFormatter
+    def format(size)
+      units = %w[B KB MB GB TB]
+      unit = 0
+      while size > 1024 and unit < units.size - 1
+        size /= 1024.0
+        unit += 1
+      end
+      "%s #{units[unit]}" % size.round(2)
+    end
+
+    module_function :format
+  end
+end
diff --git a/ext/js/bindgen/.clang-format b/packages/gems/js/ext/js/bindgen/.clang-format
similarity index 100%
rename from ext/js/bindgen/.clang-format
rename to packages/gems/js/ext/js/bindgen/.clang-format
diff --git a/ext/js/bindgen/rb-js-abi-host.c b/packages/gems/js/ext/js/bindgen/rb-js-abi-host.c
similarity index 100%
rename from ext/js/bindgen/rb-js-abi-host.c
rename to packages/gems/js/ext/js/bindgen/rb-js-abi-host.c
diff --git a/ext/js/bindgen/rb-js-abi-host.h b/packages/gems/js/ext/js/bindgen/rb-js-abi-host.h
similarity index 100%
rename from ext/js/bindgen/rb-js-abi-host.h
rename to packages/gems/js/ext/js/bindgen/rb-js-abi-host.h
diff --git a/ext/js/bindgen/rb-js-abi-host.wit b/packages/gems/js/ext/js/bindgen/rb-js-abi-host.wit
similarity index 100%
rename from ext/js/bindgen/rb-js-abi-host.wit
rename to packages/gems/js/ext/js/bindgen/rb-js-abi-host.wit
diff --git a/ext/js/depend b/packages/gems/js/ext/js/depend
similarity index 100%
rename from ext/js/depend
rename to packages/gems/js/ext/js/depend
diff --git a/ext/js/extconf.rb b/packages/gems/js/ext/js/extconf.rb
similarity index 100%
rename from ext/js/extconf.rb
rename to packages/gems/js/ext/js/extconf.rb
diff --git a/ext/js/js-core.c b/packages/gems/js/ext/js/js-core.c
similarity index 100%
rename from ext/js/js-core.c
rename to packages/gems/js/ext/js/js-core.c
diff --git a/ext/witapi/bindgen/.clang-format b/packages/gems/js/ext/witapi/bindgen/.clang-format
similarity index 100%
rename from ext/witapi/bindgen/.clang-format
rename to packages/gems/js/ext/witapi/bindgen/.clang-format
diff --git a/ext/witapi/bindgen/rb-abi-guest.c b/packages/gems/js/ext/witapi/bindgen/rb-abi-guest.c
similarity index 100%
rename from ext/witapi/bindgen/rb-abi-guest.c
rename to packages/gems/js/ext/witapi/bindgen/rb-abi-guest.c
diff --git a/ext/witapi/bindgen/rb-abi-guest.h b/packages/gems/js/ext/witapi/bindgen/rb-abi-guest.h
similarity index 100%
rename from ext/witapi/bindgen/rb-abi-guest.h
rename to packages/gems/js/ext/witapi/bindgen/rb-abi-guest.h
diff --git a/ext/witapi/bindgen/rb-abi-guest.wit b/packages/gems/js/ext/witapi/bindgen/rb-abi-guest.wit
similarity index 100%
rename from ext/witapi/bindgen/rb-abi-guest.wit
rename to packages/gems/js/ext/witapi/bindgen/rb-abi-guest.wit
diff --git a/ext/witapi/depend b/packages/gems/js/ext/witapi/depend
similarity index 100%
rename from ext/witapi/depend
rename to packages/gems/js/ext/witapi/depend
diff --git a/ext/witapi/extconf.rb b/packages/gems/js/ext/witapi/extconf.rb
similarity index 100%
rename from ext/witapi/extconf.rb
rename to packages/gems/js/ext/witapi/extconf.rb
diff --git a/ext/witapi/witapi-core.c b/packages/gems/js/ext/witapi/witapi-core.c
similarity index 100%
rename from ext/witapi/witapi-core.c
rename to packages/gems/js/ext/witapi/witapi-core.c
diff --git a/packages/gems/js/js.gemspec b/packages/gems/js/js.gemspec
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..dbe8becb6a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/gems/js/js.gemspec
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+require_relative "../../../lib/ruby_wasm/version"
+
+Gem::Specification.new do |spec|
+  spec.name = "js"
+  spec.version = RubyWasm::VERSION
+  spec.authors = ["Yuta Saito"]
+  spec.email = ["kateinoigakukun@gmail.com"]
+
+  spec.summary = "JavaScript bindings for ruby.wasm"
+
+  spec.license = "MIT"
+
+  spec.files = Dir.chdir(__dir__) do
+    `git ls-files -z`.split("\x0").reject do |f|
+      (File.expand_path(f) == __FILE__) ||
+        f.start_with?(*%w[bin/ test/ spec/ features/ .git .github appveyor Gemfile])
+    end
+  end
+  spec.require_paths = ["lib"]
+  spec.extensions = ["ext/js/extconf.rb", "ext/witapi/extconf.rb"]
+end
diff --git a/ext/js/lib/js.rb b/packages/gems/js/lib/js.rb
similarity index 100%
rename from ext/js/lib/js.rb
rename to packages/gems/js/lib/js.rb
diff --git a/ext/js/lib/js/array.rb b/packages/gems/js/lib/js/array.rb
similarity index 100%
rename from ext/js/lib/js/array.rb
rename to packages/gems/js/lib/js/array.rb
diff --git a/ext/js/lib/js/hash.rb b/packages/gems/js/lib/js/hash.rb
similarity index 100%
rename from ext/js/lib/js/hash.rb
rename to packages/gems/js/lib/js/hash.rb
diff --git a/ext/js/lib/js/nil_class.rb b/packages/gems/js/lib/js/nil_class.rb
similarity index 100%
rename from ext/js/lib/js/nil_class.rb
rename to packages/gems/js/lib/js/nil_class.rb
diff --git a/ext/js/lib/js/require_remote.rb b/packages/gems/js/lib/js/require_remote.rb
similarity index 100%
rename from ext/js/lib/js/require_remote.rb
rename to packages/gems/js/lib/js/require_remote.rb
diff --git a/ext/js/lib/js/require_remote/evaluator.rb b/packages/gems/js/lib/js/require_remote/evaluator.rb
similarity index 100%
rename from ext/js/lib/js/require_remote/evaluator.rb
rename to packages/gems/js/lib/js/require_remote/evaluator.rb
diff --git a/ext/js/lib/js/require_remote/url_resolver.rb b/packages/gems/js/lib/js/require_remote/url_resolver.rb
similarity index 100%
rename from ext/js/lib/js/require_remote/url_resolver.rb
rename to packages/gems/js/lib/js/require_remote/url_resolver.rb
diff --git a/packages/npm-packages/ruby-3.2-wasm-wasi/package.json b/packages/npm-packages/ruby-3.2-wasm-wasi/package.json
index 2e67620c94..e390b32ae7 100644
--- a/packages/npm-packages/ruby-3.2-wasm-wasi/package.json
+++ b/packages/npm-packages/ruby-3.2-wasm-wasi/package.json
@@ -28,9 +28,8 @@
     "build:static:files": "../ruby-wasm-wasi/tools/pack-static-files.sh ./dist",
     "build:static:compat": "../ruby-wasm-wasi/tools/pack-compat-shim.mjs --dist=./dist --pkg=ruby-3.2-wasm-wasi",
     "build:static": "npm run build:static:files && npm run build:static:compat",
-    "build:wasm": "../ruby-wasm-wasi/tools/pack-ruby-wasm.sh ../../../rubies/3.2-wasm32-unknown-wasi-full-js-debug ./dist",
     "build:rollup": "rollup -c rollup.config.mjs",
-    "build": "npm run build:deps && npm run build:static && npm run build:wasm && npm run build:rollup && ../ruby-wasm-wasi/tools/post-build.sh ./dist"
+    "build": "npm run build:deps && npm run build:static && npm run build:rollup && ../ruby-wasm-wasi/tools/post-build.sh ./dist"
   },
   "repository": "https://github.com/ruby/ruby.wasm",
   "homepage": "https://github.com/ruby/ruby.wasm/tree/main/packages/npm-packages/ruby-3.2-wasm-wasi",
diff --git a/packages/npm-packages/ruby-3.3-wasm-wasi/package.json b/packages/npm-packages/ruby-3.3-wasm-wasi/package.json
index 33416719f1..be1b7d4cf2 100644
--- a/packages/npm-packages/ruby-3.3-wasm-wasi/package.json
+++ b/packages/npm-packages/ruby-3.3-wasm-wasi/package.json
@@ -28,9 +28,8 @@
     "build:static:files": "../ruby-wasm-wasi/tools/pack-static-files.sh ./dist",
     "build:static:compat": "../ruby-wasm-wasi/tools/pack-compat-shim.mjs --dist=./dist --pkg=ruby-3.3-wasm-wasi",
     "build:static": "npm run build:static:files && npm run build:static:compat",
-    "build:wasm": "../ruby-wasm-wasi/tools/pack-ruby-wasm.sh ../../../rubies/3.3-wasm32-unknown-wasi-full-js-debug ./dist",
     "build:rollup": "rollup -c rollup.config.mjs",
-    "build": "npm run build:deps && npm run build:static && npm run build:wasm && npm run build:rollup && ../ruby-wasm-wasi/tools/post-build.sh ./dist"
+    "build": "npm run build:deps && npm run build:static && npm run build:rollup && ../ruby-wasm-wasi/tools/post-build.sh ./dist"
   },
   "repository": "https://github.com/ruby/ruby.wasm",
   "homepage": "https://github.com/ruby/ruby.wasm/tree/main/packages/npm-packages/ruby-3.3-wasm-wasi",
diff --git a/packages/npm-packages/ruby-head-wasm-emscripten/package.json b/packages/npm-packages/ruby-head-wasm-emscripten/package.json
index 0cb0b43311..a1960af56b 100644
--- a/packages/npm-packages/ruby-head-wasm-emscripten/package.json
+++ b/packages/npm-packages/ruby-head-wasm-emscripten/package.json
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
     "README.md"
   ],
   "scripts": {
-    "build": "./build-package.sh ../../../rubies/head-wasm32-unknown-emscripten-full"
+    "build": "./build-package.sh ../../../rubies/ruby-head-wasm32-unknown-emscripten-full"
   },
   "repository": "https://github.com/ruby/ruby.wasm",
   "homepage": "https://github.com/ruby/ruby.wasm/tree/main/packages/npm-packages/ruby-head-wasm-emscripten",
diff --git a/packages/npm-packages/ruby-head-wasm-wasi/package.json b/packages/npm-packages/ruby-head-wasm-wasi/package.json
index 5de9cfd4de..f8258e2174 100644
--- a/packages/npm-packages/ruby-head-wasm-wasi/package.json
+++ b/packages/npm-packages/ruby-head-wasm-wasi/package.json
@@ -28,9 +28,8 @@
     "build:static:files": "../ruby-wasm-wasi/tools/pack-static-files.sh ./dist",
     "build:static:compat": "../ruby-wasm-wasi/tools/pack-compat-shim.mjs --dist=./dist --pkg=ruby-head-wasm-wasi",
     "build:static": "npm run build:static:files && npm run build:static:compat",
-    "build:wasm": "../ruby-wasm-wasi/tools/pack-ruby-wasm.sh ../../../rubies/head-wasm32-unknown-wasi-full-js-debug ./dist",
     "build:rollup": "rollup -c rollup.config.mjs",
-    "build": "npm run build:deps && npm run build:static && npm run build:wasm && npm run build:rollup && ../ruby-wasm-wasi/tools/post-build.sh ./dist"
+    "build": "npm run build:deps && npm run build:static && npm run build:rollup && ../ruby-wasm-wasi/tools/post-build.sh ./dist"
   },
   "repository": "https://github.com/ruby/ruby.wasm",
   "homepage": "https://github.com/ruby/ruby.wasm/tree/main/packages/npm-packages/ruby-head-wasm-wasi",
diff --git a/packages/npm-packages/ruby-wasm-wasi/Gemfile b/packages/npm-packages/ruby-wasm-wasi/Gemfile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5fc9e696ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/npm-packages/ruby-wasm-wasi/Gemfile
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+source "https://rubygems.org"
+
+gem "js", path: "../../gems/js"
+gem "ruby_wasm", path: "../../../"
diff --git a/packages/npm-packages/ruby-wasm-wasi/Gemfile.lock b/packages/npm-packages/ruby-wasm-wasi/Gemfile.lock
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..821cb70969
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/npm-packages/ruby-wasm-wasi/Gemfile.lock
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+PATH
+  remote: ../../..
+  specs:
+    ruby_wasm (2.4.1)
+
+PATH
+  remote: ../../gems/js
+  specs:
+    js (2.4.1)
+
+GEM
+  remote: https://rubygems.org/
+  specs:
+
+PLATFORMS
+  ruby
+  x86_64-linux
+
+DEPENDENCIES
+  js!
+  ruby_wasm!
+
+BUNDLED WITH
+   2.5.3
diff --git a/packages/npm-packages/ruby-wasm-wasi/package.json b/packages/npm-packages/ruby-wasm-wasi/package.json
index 77a502b443..d509312757 100644
--- a/packages/npm-packages/ruby-wasm-wasi/package.json
+++ b/packages/npm-packages/ruby-wasm-wasi/package.json
@@ -40,14 +40,12 @@
   "license": "MIT",
   "scripts": {
     "test:run": "npm run test:unit && npm run test:jest && npm run test:e2e",
-    "test:head": "RUBY_ROOT=../../../rubies/head-wasm32-unknown-wasi-full-js-debug npm run test:run",
-    "test": "npm run test:head",
     "test:jest": "NODE_OPTIONS=\"--experimental-wasi-unstable-preview1\" jest --coverage",
     "test:unit": "./tools/run-test-unit.mjs",
     "test:e2e": "playwright install && npm run test:e2e:examples && npm run test:e2e:integrations",
     "test:e2e:examples": "playwright test -c test-e2e/playwright.examples.config.ts",
     "test:e2e:integrations": "playwright test -c test-e2e/playwright.integrations.config.ts",
-    "serve:example": "bundle exec ruby -run -e httpd ./example -p 8085",
+    "serve:example": "BUNDLE_GEMFILE=../../../Gemfile bundle exec ruby -run -e httpd ./example -p 8085",
     "format": "prettier --write .",
     "build:static": "./tools/pack-bindgen-src.sh ./dist",
     "build:rollup": "rollup -c rollup.config.mjs",
diff --git a/packages/npm-packages/ruby-wasm-wasi/src/index.ts b/packages/npm-packages/ruby-wasm-wasi/src/index.ts
index 32a73ed1f6..46f6c2130a 100644
--- a/packages/npm-packages/ruby-wasm-wasi/src/index.ts
+++ b/packages/npm-packages/ruby-wasm-wasi/src/index.ts
@@ -87,13 +87,12 @@ export class RubyVM {
    * @param args The command line arguments to pass to Ruby. Must be
    * an array of strings starting with the Ruby program name.
    */
-  initialize(
-    args: string[] = ["ruby.wasm", "--disable-gems", "-EUTF-8", "-e_=0"],
-  ) {
+  initialize(args: string[] = ["ruby.wasm", "-EUTF-8", "-e_=0"]) {
     const c_args = args.map((arg) => arg + "\0");
     this.guest.rubyInit();
     this.guest.rubySysinit(c_args);
     this.guest.rubyOptions(c_args);
+    this.eval(`require "/bundle/setup"`);
   }
 
   /**
diff --git a/packages/npm-packages/ruby-wasm-wasi/tools/pack-ruby-wasm.sh b/packages/npm-packages/ruby-wasm-wasi/tools/pack-ruby-wasm.sh
deleted file mode 100755
index 7bf6c57b37..0000000000
--- a/packages/npm-packages/ruby-wasm-wasi/tools/pack-ruby-wasm.sh
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,32 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/bash
-
-set -eu
-
-usage() {
-    echo "Usage: $(basename $0) ruby_root dist_dir"
-    exit 1
-}
-
-if [ $# -lt 2 ]; then
-    usage
-fi
-
-ruby_root="$1"
-dist_dir="$2"
-package_dir="$(cd "$(dirname "$0")/.." && pwd)"
-
-mkdir -p "$dist_dir"
-
-"$WASMOPT" --strip-debug "$ruby_root/usr/local/bin/ruby" -o "$dist_dir/ruby.wasm"
-
-# Build +stdlib versions (removing files that are not used in normal use cases)
-
-workdir="$(mktemp -d)"
-cp -R "$ruby_root" "$workdir/ruby-root"
-rm -rf $workdir/ruby-root/usr/local/include
-rm -f $workdir/ruby-root/usr/local/lib/libruby-static.a
-rm -f $workdir/ruby-root/usr/local/bin/ruby
-"$WASI_VFS_CLI" pack "$dist_dir/ruby.wasm" --mapdir /usr::$workdir/ruby-root/usr -o "$dist_dir/ruby+stdlib.wasm"
-"$WASI_VFS_CLI" pack "$ruby_root/usr/local/bin/ruby" --mapdir /usr::$workdir/ruby-root/usr -o "$dist_dir/ruby.debug+stdlib.wasm"
-
-cp $dist_dir/*.wasm "$package_dir/dist/"
diff --git a/packages/npm-packages/ruby-wasm-wasi/tools/run-test-unit.mjs b/packages/npm-packages/ruby-wasm-wasi/tools/run-test-unit.mjs
index 22422b2879..e2b0e7ee96 100755
--- a/packages/npm-packages/ruby-wasm-wasi/tools/run-test-unit.mjs
+++ b/packages/npm-packages/ruby-wasm-wasi/tools/run-test-unit.mjs
@@ -149,19 +149,6 @@ const test = async (instantiate) => {
   Error.stackTraceLimit = Infinity;
 
   await vm.evalAsync(`
-    # HACK: Until we've fixed the issue in the test-unit or power_assert
-    # See https://github.com/test-unit/test-unit/pull/221
-    module Kernel
-      alias test_unit_original_require require
-
-      def require(path)
-        if path == "power_assert"
-          raise LoadError, "power_assert is not supported in this environment"
-        end
-        test_unit_original_require(path)
-      end
-    end
-
     require 'test/unit'
     require_relative '${rootTestFile}'
     Test::Unit::AutoRunner.run
diff --git a/ruby_wasm.gemspec b/ruby_wasm.gemspec
index 3a8d73cb00..8315e8d9b6 100644
--- a/ruby_wasm.gemspec
+++ b/ruby_wasm.gemspec
@@ -27,4 +27,5 @@ Gem::Specification.new do |spec|
   spec.bindir = "exe"
   spec.executables = spec.files.grep(%r{\Aexe/}) { |f| File.basename(f) }
   spec.require_paths = ["lib"]
+  spec.extensions = ["ext/ruby_wasm/Cargo.toml"]
 end
diff --git a/sig/ruby_wasm/build.rbs b/sig/ruby_wasm/build.rbs
index 9a9838f672..8b0b9a0a26 100644
--- a/sig/ruby_wasm/build.rbs
+++ b/sig/ruby_wasm/build.rbs
@@ -1,10 +1,45 @@
 module RubyWasm
   VERSION: String
 
+  interface _Cacheable
+    def cache_key: (Digest::SHA256 digest) -> void
+  end
+
+  class Build
+    include _Cacheable
+
+    @target: String
+    @build_dir: String
+    @rubies_dir: String
+    @toolchain: Toolchain
+    @libyaml: LibYAMLProduct
+    @zlib: ZlibProduct
+    @openssl: OpenSSLProduct
+    @wasi_vfs: WasiVfsProduct
+    @baseruby: BaseRubyProduct
+    @crossruby: CrossRubyProduct
+    @source: BuildSource
+
+    attr_reader toolchain: Toolchain
+
+    def initialize: (
+      string name,
+      target: String,
+      src: Packager::build_source,
+      toolchain: Toolchain?,
+      build_dir: string,
+      rubies_dir: string,
+      **untyped
+    ) -> void
+    def crossruby: () -> CrossRubyProduct
+  end
+
   class BuildParams
     attr_accessor name: String
     attr_accessor target: String
     attr_accessor default_exts: String
+
+    def initialize: (name: string, target: string, default_exts: string) -> void
   end
 
   class BuildProduct
@@ -109,21 +144,28 @@ module RubyWasm
   end
 
   class CrossRubyExtProduct < BuildProduct
+    include RubyWasm::_Cacheable
+
     @toolchain: Toolchain
     @srcdir: String
+    @ext_relative_path: String
 
     attr_reader name: String
-    def initialize: (String srcdir, Toolchain toolchain, ?name: nil) -> void
+    def initialize: (String srcdir, Toolchain toolchain, ?ext_relative_path: String?) -> void
     def product_build_dir: (CrossRubyProduct crossruby) -> String
     def linklist: (CrossRubyProduct crossruby) -> String
+    def metadata_json: (CrossRubyProduct crossruby) -> String
+    def feature_name: (CrossRubyProduct crossruby) -> String
+
     def make_args: (CrossRubyProduct crossruby) -> Array[String]
     def build: (BuildExecutor executor, CrossRubyProduct crossruby) -> void
     def do_extconf: (BuildExecutor executor, CrossRubyProduct crossruby) -> void
     def do_install_rb: (BuildExecutor executor, CrossRubyProduct crossruby) -> void
-    def cache_key: (Digest::SHA256 digest) -> void
   end
 
   class CrossRubyProduct < AutoconfProduct
+    include RubyWasm::_Cacheable
+
     @params: BuildParams
     @rubies_dir: String
     @build_dir: String
@@ -143,13 +185,12 @@ module RubyWasm
     attr_accessor debugflags: Array[String]
     attr_accessor xcflags: Array[String]
     attr_accessor xldflags: Array[String]
-    def initialize: (BuildParams params, String build_dir, String rubies_dir, BaseRubyProduct baseruby, BuildSource source, Toolchain toolchain, ?user_exts: Array[CrossRubyExtProduct]) -> void
+    def initialize: (BuildParams params, String build_dir, String rubies_dir, BaseRubyProduct baseruby, BuildSource source, Toolchain toolchain) -> void
     def configure: (BuildExecutor executor, ?reconfigure: bool) -> void
     def build_exts: (BuildExecutor executor) -> void
     def build: (BuildExecutor executor, ?remake: bool, ?reconfigure: bool) -> void
     def clean: (BuildExecutor executor) -> void
     def name: -> String
-    def cache_key: (Digest::SHA256 digest) -> void
     def build_dir: -> String
     def ext_build_dir: -> String
     def with_libyaml: (LibYAMLProduct libyaml) -> LibYAMLProduct
diff --git a/sig/ruby_wasm/cli.rbs b/sig/ruby_wasm/cli.rbs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1392ef3079
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sig/ruby_wasm/cli.rbs
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+module RubyWasm
+  class CLI
+    DEFAULT_RUBIES_DIR: string
+
+    @stdout: IO
+    @stderr: IO
+
+    def initialize: (stdout: IO, stderr: IO) -> void
+
+    def build: (Array[String] args) -> void
+
+    private
+
+    def build_config: (Hash[untyped, untyped] options) -> Hash[untyped, untyped]
+
+    def derive_packager: (Hash[untyped, untyped] options) -> Packager
+    def do_print_ruby_cache_key: (Packager) -> void
+    def do_build: (BuildExecutor, string tmpdir, Packager, Hash[untyped, untyped] options) -> void
+  end
+
+  self.@logger: Logger?
+  def self.logger: () -> Logger
+  attr_accessor self.log_level: Symbol
+end
diff --git a/sig/ruby_wasm/ext.rbs b/sig/ruby_wasm/ext.rbs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..115fd7b87f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sig/ruby_wasm/ext.rbs
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+module RubyWasmExt
+  def self.preinitialize: (Array[Integer] module_bytes) -> Array[Integer]
+
+  class WasiVfs
+    def initialize: () -> void
+
+    def map_dir: (String guest_path, String host_path) -> void
+
+    def pack: (Array[Integer] module_bytes) -> Array[Integer]
+  end
+end
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/sig/ruby_wasm/packager.rbs b/sig/ruby_wasm/packager.rbs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..999d147f3e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sig/ruby_wasm/packager.rbs
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+
+class RubyWasm::Packager
+  @definition: untyped
+  @config: Hash[untyped, untyped]
+
+  def initialize: (untyped?, Hash[untyped, untyped]?) -> void
+
+  def package: (RubyWasm::BuildExecutor, string dest_dir, untyped options) -> Array[Integer]
+
+  @ruby_core_build: RubyWasm::Packager::Core?
+  def ruby_core_build: () -> RubyWasm::Packager::Core
+
+  EXCLUDED_GEMS: Array[string]
+
+  def specs: () -> Array[untyped]
+  def support_dynamic_linking?: () -> bool
+
+  def root: () -> string
+
+  type build_source = Hash[Symbol, (String | Array[String])]
+  def self.build_source_aliases: (string root) -> Hash[string, build_source]
+
+  ALL_DEFAULT_EXTS: string
+
+  def build_options: () -> Hash[Symbol, untyped]
+  def full_build_options: () -> Hash[Symbol, untyped]
+
+  class Core
+    include RubyWasm::_Cacheable
+
+    @packager: RubyWasm::Packager
+    def initialize: (RubyWasm::Packager) -> void
+    def build: (RubyWasm::BuildExecutor, untyped options) -> String
+
+    extend Forwardable
+
+    def artifact: () -> string
+
+    private
+
+    @build_strategy: BuildStrategy?
+    def build_strategy: () -> BuildStrategy
+
+    class BuildStrategy
+      @packager: RubyWasm::Packager
+      def initialize: (RubyWasm::Packager) -> void
+      def build: (RubyWasm::BuildExecutor, untyped options) -> String
+      def specs_with_extensions: () -> Array[[untyped, Array[string]]]
+    end
+
+    class DynamicLinking < RubyWasm::Packager::Core::BuildStrategy
+    end
+
+    class StaticLinking < RubyWasm::Packager::Core::BuildStrategy
+      @build: RubyWasm::Build
+      def derive_build: () -> RubyWasm::Build
+      @user_exts: Array[RubyWasm::CrossRubyExtProduct]?
+      def user_exts: (RubyWasm::Build) -> Array[RubyWasm::CrossRubyExtProduct]
+
+      def name: () -> string
+    end
+  end
+
+  class FileSystem
+    @dest_dir: string
+    @packager: RubyWasm::Packager
+    @ruby_root: string
+
+    def initialize: (string dest_dir, RubyWasm::Packager) -> void
+    def package_ruby_root: (String tarball, RubyWasm::BuildExecutor) -> void
+    def remove_stdlib: (RubyWasm::BuildExecutor) -> void
+    def package_gems: () -> void
+
+    def setup_rb_content: () -> String
+
+    def remove_non_runtime_files: (RubyWasm::BuildExecutor) -> void
+
+    def bundle_dir: () -> String
+    def ruby_root: () -> string
+
+    private
+
+    def each_gem_content_path: () { (String, String) -> void } -> void
+    def each_gem_require_path: () { (String, String) -> void } -> void
+    def each_gem_extension_path: () { (String, String) -> void } -> void
+
+    def bundle_relative_path: () -> String
+    def ruby_version: () -> String
+    def rubyarchdir: () -> String
+  end
+end
diff --git a/sig/ruby_wasm/util.rbs b/sig/ruby_wasm/util.rbs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d011e7a87f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sig/ruby_wasm/util.rbs
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+module RubyWasm
+  module SizeFormatter
+    def self?.format: (Integer size) -> String
+  end
+end
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tasks/check.rake b/tasks/check.rake
index c02e82999d..95b1f1fa5a 100644
--- a/tasks/check.rake
+++ b/tasks/check.rake
@@ -5,8 +5,8 @@ namespace :check do
   end
   task bindgen_c: :install_wit_bindgen do
     wits = [
-      %w[ext/witapi/bindgen/rb-abi-guest.wit --export],
-      %w[ext/js/bindgen/rb-js-abi-host.wit --import]
+      %w[packages/gems/js/ext/witapi/bindgen/rb-abi-guest.wit --export],
+      %w[packages/gems/js/ext/js/bindgen/rb-js-abi-host.wit --import]
     ]
     wits.each do |wit|
       path, mode = wit
@@ -20,9 +20,9 @@ namespace :check do
          "host",
          "js",
          "--import",
-         "ext/witapi/bindgen/rb-abi-guest.wit",
+         "packages/gems/js/ext/witapi/bindgen/rb-abi-guest.wit",
          "--export",
-         "ext/js/bindgen/rb-js-abi-host.wit",
+         "packages/gems/js/ext/js/bindgen/rb-js-abi-host.wit",
          "--out-dir",
          "packages/npm-packages/ruby-wasm-wasi/src/bindgen"
        ]
diff --git a/tasks/ci.rake b/tasks/ci.rake
index a28db8afbe..5057310c52 100644
--- a/tasks/ci.rake
+++ b/tasks/ci.rake
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 def latest_build_sources
   BUILD_SOURCES
-    .filter_map do |name, src|
+    .filter_map do |name|
+      src = RubyWasm::Packager.build_source_aliases(LIB_ROOT)[name]
       case src[:type]
       when "github"
         url = "repos/#{src[:repo]}/commits/#{src[:rev]}"
@@ -21,7 +22,8 @@ def release_note
 |:-------:|:------:|
 EOS
 
-  BUILD_SOURCES.each do |name, source|
+  BUILD_SOURCES.each do |name|
+    source = RubyWasm::Packager.build_source_aliases(LIB_ROOT)[name]
     case source[:type]
     when "github"
       output +=
@@ -52,11 +54,8 @@ def rake_task_matrix
       {
         task: "build:#{build.name}",
         artifact:
-          Pathname
-            .new(build.crossruby.artifact)
-            .relative_path_from(LIB_ROOT)
-            .to_s,
-        artifact_name: File.basename(build.crossruby.artifact, ".tar.gz"),
+          Pathname.new(build.artifact).relative_path_from(LIB_ROOT).to_s,
+        artifact_name: File.basename(build.artifact, ".tar.gz"),
         builder: build.target,
         rubies_cache_key: ruby_cache_keys[build.name]
       }
@@ -69,7 +68,7 @@ def rake_task_matrix
         artifact: "packages/npm-packages/#{pkg[:name]}/#{pkg[:name]}-*.tgz",
         artifact_name: "npm-#{pkg[:name]}",
         builder: pkg[:target],
-        rubies_cache_key: ruby_cache_keys[pkg[:build]]
+        rubies_cache_key: npm_pkg_rubies_cache_key(pkg)
       }
       # Run tests only if the package has 'test' script
       package_json =
diff --git a/tasks/gem.rake b/tasks/gem.rake
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b051a8272a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tasks/gem.rake
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+require "bundler/gem_tasks"
+require "rake/testtask"
+
+Rake::TestTask.new(:test) do |t|
+  t.libs << "test"
+  t.libs << "lib"
+  t.test_files = FileList["test/**/test_*.rb"]
+end
+
+begin
+  require "rb_sys/extensiontask"
+
+  RbSys::ExtensionTask.new("ruby_wasm") { |ext| ext.lib_dir = "lib/ruby_wasm" }
+rescue LoadError => e
+  task :compile do
+    $stderr.puts "Skipping compilation of ruby_wasm extension: #{e.message}"
+    exit 1
+  end
+end
diff --git a/tasks/packaging.rake b/tasks/packaging.rake
index f7fad2afe7..606d8b8709 100644
--- a/tasks/packaging.rake
+++ b/tasks/packaging.rake
@@ -5,14 +5,83 @@ tools = {
   "WASMOPT" => wasi_sdk.wasm_opt
 }
 
+def npm_pkg_build_command(pkg)
+  [
+    "bundle",
+    "exec",
+    "rbwasm",
+    "build",
+    "--ruby-version",
+    pkg[:ruby_version],
+    "--target",
+    pkg[:target],
+    "--build-profile",
+    "full"
+  ]
+end
+
+def npm_pkg_rubies_cache_key(pkg)
+  build_command = npm_pkg_build_command(pkg)
+  require "open3"
+  cmd = build_command + ["--print-ruby-cache-key"]
+  stdout, status = Open3.capture2(*cmd)
+  unless status.success?
+    raise "Command failed with status (#{status.exitstatus}): #{cmd.join ""}"
+  end
+  require "json"
+  JSON.parse(stdout)["hexdigest"]
+end
+
 namespace :npm do
   NPM_PACKAGES.each do |pkg|
     base_dir = Dir.pwd
     pkg_dir = "#{Dir.pwd}/packages/npm-packages/#{pkg[:name]}"
 
     namespace pkg[:name] do
+      build_command = npm_pkg_build_command(pkg)
+
+      desc "Build ruby for npm package #{pkg[:name]}"
+      task "ruby" do
+        env = {
+          # Share ./build and ./rubies in the same workspace
+          "RUBY_WASM_ROOT" => base_dir
+        }
+        if gemfile_path = pkg[:gemfile]
+          env["BUNDLE_GEMFILE"] = File.join(base_dir, gemfile_path)
+        else
+          # Explicitly disable rubygems integration since Bundler finds
+          # Gemfile in the repo root directory.
+          build_command.push "--disable-gems"
+        end
+        dist_dir = File.join(pkg_dir, "dist")
+        mkdir_p dist_dir
+        if pkg[:target] == "wasm32-unknown-wasi"
+          sh env,
+             *build_command,
+             "--no-stdlib",
+             "-o",
+             File.join(dist_dir, "ruby.wasm")
+          sh env,
+             *build_command,
+             "-o",
+             File.join(dist_dir, "ruby.debug+stdlib.wasm")
+          sh wasi_sdk.wasm_opt,
+             "--strip-debug",
+             File.join(dist_dir, "ruby.wasm"),
+             "-o",
+             File.join(dist_dir, "ruby.wasm")
+          sh wasi_sdk.wasm_opt,
+             "--strip-debug",
+             File.join(dist_dir, "ruby.debug+stdlib.wasm"),
+             "-o",
+             File.join(dist_dir, "ruby+stdlib.wasm")
+        elsif pkg[:target] == "wasm32-unknown-emscripten"
+          sh env, *build_command, "-o", "/dev/null"
+        end
+      end
+
       desc "Build npm package #{pkg[:name]}"
-      task "build" => ["build:#{pkg[:build]}"] do
+      task "build" => ["ruby"] do
         sh tools, "npm run build", chdir: pkg_dir
       end
 
@@ -72,7 +141,7 @@ namespace :standalone do
       wasi_sdk.install_binaryen
       base_dir = Dir.pwd
       sh tools,
-         "./build-package.sh #{base_dir}/rubies/#{pkg[:build]}",
+         "./build-package.sh #{base_dir}/rubies/ruby-#{pkg[:build]}",
          chdir: pkg_dir
     end
   end